Replacement of fishmeal and fish oil with vegetable meal and oil in feedstuffs used in the growing phase of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, in biofloc systems

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the substitution of fishmeal and fish oil with soy protein concentrate and soybean oil on survival, growth and body composition of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) produced in biofloc system (BFT). Five diets were formulated to be isoproteic and isoenergetic with different levels of substitution of fishmeal and fish oil with soy protein concentrate and soybean oil. The treatments were named as: 0% (without substitution), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The diets were formulated to contain approximately 35% protein and 8% lipids. The experiment was conducted for 49 days, with juveniles with initial weight of (2.93±0.83g) in a biofloc system (BFT). No significant differences were found between treatments up to 75% of substitution for the variables of weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival. The 100% substitution treatment showed a lower specific growth rate. The present study suggests fish meal and fish oil can be substituted in up to 75% for soy protein concentrate and soybean oil, without harming the development of the shrimps when reared in biofloc system.

摘要 本研究旨在评估以浓缩大豆蛋白（soy protein concentrate）与大豆油（soybean oil）替代鱼粉（fishmeal）及鱼油（fish oil），对生物絮团系统（biofloc system, BFT）养殖凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的存活、生长与体成分的影响。共配制5组等氮等能日粮，以不同比例的浓缩大豆蛋白与大豆油替代鱼粉及鱼油，各组分别命名为0%（无替代）、25%、50%、75%及100%。所有试验日粮的粗蛋白含量约为35%，粗脂肪含量约为8%。本试验于生物絮团系统中开展，周期为49天，试验所用初始凡纳滨对虾幼虾体质量为(2.93±0.83)g。针对增重率、饲料转化率（feed conversion ratio）及存活率三项指标，替代比例不超过75%的各组间均未发现显著差异；100%替代组的特定生长率（specific growth rate）显著降低。本研究表明，在生物絮团系统中养殖凡纳滨对虾时，可使用浓缩大豆蛋白与大豆油替代最高75%的鱼粉及鱼油，且不会对虾类的生长发育造成不利影响。