Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Breast Meat Fatty Acids Profile of Helmeted Guinea Fowls (Numida meleagris) Fed Increasing Level of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita moschata) Meals

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary inclusion with linseed and pumpkin seed meals on growth performance, carcass traits and breast meat fatty acids profile of helmeted guinea fowls. A total of 120 meat-type helmeted guinea fowl females of 12 weeks of age were fed with 0 (T0), 100 (T1) and 200 (T2) g/kg of linseed (LM) and pumpkin seed meals (PSM) for 56 days, in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates per treatment and four birds per replicate. The inclusion up to 200 g/kg of LM and PSM did not affect the livability, initial live weight and feed intake (p>0.05). However, final live weight and feed:gain ratio improved significantly (p<0.05). The T1 increased (p<0.05) the carcass yield and the T2 improved the breast weight and weight and yield of leg. Also, these experimental diets did not affect the carcass weight, breast yield and sensory quality of meat (p>0.05). The oleaginous seeds (LM and PSM) decreased (p<0.05) the mystic, palmitic and octadecanoic acids and the w-6/w-3 ratio, as well as increased the linoleic, a-linolenic, eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acids (p<0.05), but did not modify the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (p>0.05) and the eicosatrienoic and arachidonic acids in breast meat (p<0.05). It is recommended the inclusion of 100 g/kg of LM and PSM to improve the live weight, weight and yield of the edible portions and the essential fatty acids in breast meat of guinea fowl, without affecting the sensory quality of the meat.

摘要 本试验旨在探究日粮添加亚麻籽粕（linseed meal, LM）与南瓜籽粕（pumpkin seed meal, PSM）对盔珠鸡（helmeted guinea fowl）生长性能（growth performance）、屠宰性状（carcass traits）及胸肌脂肪酸谱（breast meat fatty acids profile）的影响。试验选取120只12周龄肉用雌性盔珠鸡，设置3个处理组，分别在基础日粮中添加0（T0组）、100（T1组）、200（T2组）g/kg的LM与PSM混合饲粮，试验周期为56天，采用完全随机试验设计，每个处理设10个重复，每个重复饲喂4只试验鸡。结果显示，当LM与PSM添加量达200g/kg时，对试验鸡的存活率（livability）、初始活重（initial live weight）及采食量（feed intake）均无显著影响（p>0.05）；但可显著改善试验鸡的终末活重与料重比（feed:gain ratio, p<0.05）。T1组可显著提升试验鸡的屠宰率（carcass yield, p<0.05），T2组则显著提高胸肌重量以及腿肌重量与腿肌屠宰率。此外，试验饲粮对试验鸡的屠宰体重、胸肌率及肉品感官品质（sensory quality）均无显著影响（p>0.05）。含油籽实组分（LM与PSM）可显著降低胸肌中肉豆蔻酸（myristic acid）、棕榈酸（palmitic acid）、硬脂酸（octadecanoic acid）的含量以及ω-6/ω-3比值（ω-6/ω-3 ratio, p<0.05），同时显著提升亚油酸（linoleic acid）、α-亚麻酸（α-linolenic acid）、二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid）与二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid, p<0.05）的含量；但对单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acids）含量以及胸肌中二十碳三烯酸（eicosatrienoic acid）与花生四烯酸（arachidonic acid）的浓度无显著影响（p<0.05）。基于试验结果，建议在盔珠鸡日粮中添加100g/kg的LM与PSM，可在不影响肉品感官品质的前提下，提升试验鸡的活重、可食用部位重量与屠宰率，同时改善胸肌中的必需脂肪酸含量。