Organic waste and controlled-release fertilizer maximize the growth of Citharexylum montevidense in nursery and in the field

ABSTRACT Background: The increase in agricultural production requires sustainable alternatives development for reusing the waste generated, such as bovine manure, to obtain ecological, environmental, and economic benefits. In addition, proper fertilization is one of the main steps in the production of forest species seedlings. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the effect of different substrates formulations based on bovine manure and types of fertilizers on the quality of C. montevidense seedlings and verify if the field confirms the nurseries’ responses. The treatments consisted of three BM-based substrates combinations (S0 - control, no manure; S30 - 30% BM; and S60 - 60% BM) and four types of base fertilizers [Control: no fertilizer, FRF - Fast Release Fertilizer (NPK + fritted trace elements), FRF2 - twice as used in FRF and CRF - Controlled Release Fertilizer]. The substrates quality and the seedlings’ morphophysiological attributes were determined 160 days after sowing, then conducting the best treatments to the field. Results: We verified that the use of bovine manure improved the physical and chemical properties of the substrates. For the C. montevidense cultivation, 30% BM plus CRF provided the best seedling development. The substrate used in the seedlings production influenced the post-planting performance of C. montevidense, and the bovine manure use allows for more significant plant growth in the field. Conclusion: For the cultivation of Citharexylum montevidense, it is recommended to use substrates composed of 30% of bovine manure, associated with 6 g L-1 of controlled-release fertilizer, as it provides higher quality seedlings in shorter production time in the nursery.

摘要
背景：农业生产规模扩大亟需开发可持续的废弃物资源化利用途径，以回收利用牛粪便等农业废弃物，获取生态、环境与经济效益。此外，科学施肥是林木种苗培育的关键环节之一。本研究旨在探究基于牛粪便的不同基质配方与肥料类型对蒙特维德假连翘（Citharexylum montevidense，原缩写为C. montevidense）种苗品质的影响，并验证大田试验是否能印证苗圃培育的试验结果。
试验处理设置3种基于牛粪便的基质组合（S0为对照组，不添加牛粪便；S30为添加30%牛粪便；S60为添加60%牛粪便）与4种基肥类型：对照组为不施肥，FRF为速释肥料（Fast Release Fertilizer，NPK+熔敷微量元素），FRF2为用量为FRF两倍的速释肥料，CRF为控释肥料（Controlled Release Fertilizer）。播种160天后测定基质质量与种苗的形态生理指标，随后选取最优处理开展大田试验。
结果：研究表明，施用牛粪便可改善基质的理化性质；针对蒙特维德假连翘的培育，30%牛粪便基质配合控释肥料可实现最优的种苗生长表现；种苗培育所用基质会影响蒙特维德假连翘的大田定植后生长性能，而施用牛粪便可促进大田阶段植株的更显著生长。
结论：针对蒙特维德假连翘的培育，推荐使用含有30%牛粪便的基质，并配合6 g·L⁻¹的控释肥料，该方案可在更短的苗圃培育周期内获得更高品质的种苗。