Comparison of previous research.

Technological innovation and preoccupation with new markets through technological innovation have become critical factors in achieving success in the global market. Currently, companies cannot develop and commercialize all technologies. Therefore, the importance of technology transfers is rapidly increasing. Technology transfer is a crucial strategy adopted by organizations to remain innovative and competitive. However, Korea’s technology transfer rate is only 37.9%. In particular, the technology transfer rate from universities to companies is lower than that from government-funded research institutes in Korea. Although the fundamental approach for resolving barriers to technology transfer have been studied, previous research has been conducted from a narrow definition of technology transfer. Furthermore, previous research has focused on analyzing the success factors of technology transfer, presenting technology transfer processes, or conducting case studies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology donor diagnosis framework based on CSFs (Critical Success Factors) to eliminate obstacles to technology transfers. To lower the barriers to technology transfers, it is necessary to develop a strategy for a successful technology transfer based on the diagnosis of technology donors. This study develops a diagnosis framework for universities from the perspective of technology donors, implements and tests the framework using case studies, and proposes strategies for each stage of technology transfer growth. The framework is able to assess multidimensional perspectives, because CSFs and PMs were extracted based on BSC. Furthermore, by comparing the perspectives score of technology donors in different universities, technology donors can identify the areas in which each university is lacking in its current situation. Multidimensional diagnosis and aggregation score of technology donors offer to extract optimal CSFs for technology transfer activation for each growth stage.技术创新以及依托技术创新抢占新兴市场，已成为全球市场中取得成功的核心要素。当前企业无法独立完成所有技术的研发与商业化落地，因此技术转让（technology transfer）的重要性正快速提升。技术转让是组织维持创新力与竞争力的关键战略举措。然而韩国的技术转让率仅为37.9%，其中高校向企业的技术转让率甚至低于韩国政府资助科研院所的同类比率。尽管学界已针对破解技术转让障碍的基本路径展开研究，但过往研究均基于狭义的技术转让定义开展。此外，过往研究多聚焦于分析技术转让成功要素、梳理技术转让流程或开展案例研究。因此，亟需基于关键成功因素（Critical Success Factors，CSFs）构建技术出让方诊断框架，以消除技术转让的各类障碍。为降低技术转让的障碍，需依托技术出让方诊断结果，制定适配的成功技术转让战略。本研究从技术出让方视角构建了高校诊断框架，并通过案例研究对该框架进行落地与验证，同时针对技术转让成长的各阶段提出针对性战略。该框架可实现多维度评估，这是因为研究基于平衡计分卡（Balanced Scorecard，BSC）提取了关键成功因素与PMs。此外，通过对比不同高校技术出让方的各维度得分，技术出让方可明晰当前各高校存在的短板领域。技术出让方的多维度诊断与综合得分，可用于提取适配各成长阶段的技术转让激活最优关键成功因素。