Data from: Genomes of diverse isolates of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus

The marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the numerically dominant photosynthetic organism in the oligotrophic oceans, and a model system in marine microbial ecology. Here we report 27 new whole genome sequences (2 complete and closed; 25 of draft quality) of cultured isolates, representing five major phylogenetic clades of Prochlorococcus. The sequenced strains were isolated from diverse regions of the oceans, facilitating studies of the drivers of microbial diversity—both in the lab and in the field. To improve the utility of these genomes for comparative genomics, we also define pre-computed clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs), indicating how genes are distributed among these and other publicly available Prochlorococcus genomes. These data represent a significant expansion of Prochlorococcus reference genomes that are useful for numerous applications in microbial ecology, evolution and oceanography.

海洋蓝藻原绿球藻（Prochlorococcus）是寡营养海洋中数量占绝对优势的光合生物，同时也是海洋微生物生态学研究的模式体系。本研究报道了27株培养分离株的全新全基因组序列，其中2株为完整闭合基因组、25株为草图质量基因组，这些分离株涵盖原绿球藻的5个主要系统发育分支。本次测序的菌株采自全球多样的海洋区域，可为实验室与野外环境下的微生物多样性驱动机制研究提供有力支撑。为提升这些基因组在比较基因组学研究中的应用价值，本研究还预先计算了蛋白质同源簇（Clusters of Orthologous Groups, COGs），并阐明了基因在本次测序基因组与其他公开获取的原绿球藻基因组之间的分布规律。本数据集大幅扩充了原绿球藻的参考基因组库，可广泛应用于微生物生态学、进化生物学与海洋学等诸多研究领域。