Dyslipidemia in Adolescents Seen in a University Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil: Prevalence and Association

Abstract Background: Early exposure to obesity favors greater risks of cardiovascular factors such as dyslipidemia. Objectives: To establish the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and to evaluate its association with nutritional status of the adolescents attended at the ambulatory of the Adolescent Health Studies Center of the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational study, the sample of which was of convenience, consisting of adolescents from 12 to 18 years old of both genders. The lipid profile was evaluated, along with its association with the anthropometric indicators: body mass index and waist circumference. For statistical analysis, a significance level of 5% was used. Results: A total of 239 adolescents, 104 boys (43.5%) and 135 girls (56.5%) were evaluated and, of these, 52 (21.8%) were eutrophic, 60 (25.1%) overweight, and 127 (53.1%) obese. Obeseadolescents had significantly lower mean values of HDL-cholesterol (44.7 mg/dl vs 53.9 mg/dl; p < 0.001) and higher triglycerides (109.6 mg/dl vs 87.3 mg/dl; p = 0.01). The changes with higher prevalence were low HDL-cholesterol (50.6%), hypercholesterolemia (35.1%), and hypertriglyceridemia (18.4%). A negative association of HDL-cholesterol with body mass index and a positive association of triglycerides with body mass index could be observed, even after adjustment for gender and skin color. Conclusion: This study demonstrated high prevalence of dyslipidemia among adolescents. In view of the significant association between lower levels of HDL-cholesterol and increased triglycerides with overweight, the control of these factors should receive attention, with the precocious diagnosis of the dyslipidemia being important, mainly if it is associated with another cardiovascular risk, to develop effective intervention strategies.

摘要：研究背景：青少年早期罹患肥胖，会显著提升血脂异常等心血管相关疾病的发病风险。研究目的：明确佩德罗·埃内斯托大学医院青少年健康研究中心门诊接诊青少年的血脂异常患病率，并评估其与青少年营养状况的关联。研究方法：本研究为横断面观察性研究，采用便利抽样方法，纳入12至18岁、不同性别的青少年作为研究对象。检测所有研究对象的血脂谱，并分析其与体质量指数、腰围等人体测量学指标的相关性。统计学分析采用5%的显著性检验水准。研究结果：本研究共纳入239名青少年，其中男性104例（占比43.5%），女性135例（占比56.5%）。经营养状况评估，52例（21.8%）为营养正常，60例（25.1%）为超重，127例（53.1%）为肥胖。肥胖青少年的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-cholesterol）平均水平显著低于非肥胖青少年（44.7 mg/dl vs 53.9 mg/dl；p < 0.001），而甘油三酯水平显著更高（109.6 mg/dl vs 87.3 mg/dl；p = 0.01）。本次研究中患病率较高的血脂异常类型为高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低（50.6%）、高胆固醇血症（35.1%）及高甘油三酯血症（18.4%）。在校正性别和肤色因素后，仍可观察到高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与体质量指数呈负相关，甘油三酯与体质量指数呈正相关。研究结论：本研究证实青少年群体中血脂异常的患病率较高。鉴于高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平降低与甘油三酯水平升高均与超重存在显著相关性，临床应重视对这些指标的管控；及早诊断血脂异常尤为重要，尤其是当血脂异常合并其他心血管危险因素时，可为制定有效的干预策略提供依据。