GSHHG: Global Self-consistent Hierarchical High-resolution Geography

Global Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Geography Database (GSHHG) is a high-resolution geography data set, amalgamated from two databases: World Vector Shorelines (WVS) and CIA World Data Bank II (WDBII). The former is the basis for shorelines while the latter is the basis for lakes, although there are instances where differences in coastline representations necessitated adding WDBII islands to GSHHG. The WDBII source also provides political borders and rivers. GSHHG data have undergone extensive processing and should be free of internal inconsistencies such as erratic points and crossing segments. The shorelines are constructed entirely from hierarchically arranged closed polygons.GSHHG combines the older GSHHS shoreline database with WDBII rivers and borders, available in either ESRI shapefile format or in a native binary format. Geography data are in five resolutions: crude(c), low(l), intermediate(i), high(h), and full(f). Shorelines are organized into four levels: boundary between land and ocean (L1), boundary between lake and land (L2), boundary between island-in-lake and lake (L3), and boundary between pond-in-island and island (L4). Datasets are in WGS84 geographic (simple latitudes and longitudes; decimal degrees). GSHHG is released under the GNU Lesser General Public license, and is developed and maintained by Dr. Paul Wessel, SOEST, University of Hawai'i, and Dr. Walter H. F. Smith, NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry. Please notify Dr. Paul Wessel and Dr. Walter H.F. Smith if any changes are made to the GSHHG data set for commercial use. Processing and assembly of the GSHHG data:Wessel, P., and W. H. F. Smith (1996), A global, self-consistent, hierarchical, high-resolution shoreline database, J. Geophys. Res., 101(B4), 8741–8743, doi:10.1029/96JB00104.全球自洽分层高分辨率地理数据库（GSHHG）是一套高分辨率地理数据集，整合自两个数据源：世界矢量海岸线数据库（World Vector Shorelines，简称WVS）与美国中央情报局（CIA）世界数据库第二版（WDBII）。其中前者为海岸线数据的核心基础，后者则用于构建湖泊数据，但在部分场景中，由于海岸线表述存在差异，需将WDBII中的岛屿数据并入GSHHG数据集。WDBII数据源还提供了政治边界与河流数据。 GSHHG数据集经过了全面的精细化处理，不存在内部不一致问题，例如异常点位与交叉线段。所有海岸线均由分层排布的闭合多边形构建而成。GSHHG将早期的GSHHS海岸线数据库与WDBII的河流、边界数据进行整合，支持ESRI形状文件（shapefile）格式与原生二进制格式两种存储方式。 该地理数据集共分为5级分辨率：粗略级（c）、低级（l）、中级（i）、高级（h）与全分辨率（f）。海岸线分为4类层级：陆洋边界（L1）、陆湖边界（L2）、湖内岛屿与湖泊的边界（L3）以及岛中池塘与岛屿的边界（L4）。所有数据集均采用WGS84地理坐标系，即标准经纬度坐标，单位为十进制度。 GSHHG采用GNU宽通用公共许可证（GNU Lesser General Public License）进行发布，由夏威夷大学海洋与地球科学技术学院（SOEST）的保罗·韦塞尔博士（Dr. Paul Wessel）与美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）卫星测高实验室的沃尔特·H·F·史密斯博士（Dr. Walter H. F. Smith）开发并维护。若对GSHHG数据集进行商用修改，请务必告知保罗·韦塞尔博士与沃尔特·H·F·史密斯博士。 GSHHG数据集的处理与整合相关引用文献：Wessel, P. 与W. H. F. Smith（1996），《全球自洽分层高分辨率海岸线数据库》，《地球物理学研究杂志》（*J. Geophys. Res.*），101(B4)，8741–8743，doi:10.1029/96JB00104。