Ethnoecology and socioeconomic around an artificial reef: the case of artisanal fisheries from southeastern Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this study is to describe the ethnoecological aspects, valorization, and commercialization of target species caught by artisanal fishers on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with 60 fishers from the fishing community of Guaxindiba (21°29'S, 41°00'W), which is associated with the Z-1 fishers' colony. Eighty-nine species were cited by the fishers and 44.1% are important commercial fish in the region. The fishers cited five distinct zones used to fish: border zone (68 species), estuary (41 spp.), artificial reef (27 spp.), "malacacheta" (24 spp.), and open ocean (10 spp.). The fishery resources were classified according to their gastronomic and economic characteristics: primary fish (35 spp.), secondary fish (32 spp.), mixed fish (10 spp.), discarded fish (7 spp.), and fish used as bait (5 spp.). The price of the target species increases along the production chain due to the greater number of people involved, processing costs, and improvement of the product. The data from this study can contribute to local fisheries management and point out to the use of artificial reefs in the maintenance of fishery resources in northern Rio de Janeiro.

摘要：本研究旨在阐明巴西东南部里约热内卢州北部海岸手工渔民所捕获目标物种的民族生态学特征、价值开发与商业化模式。研究数据来源于对隶属于Z-1渔民作业群体的瓜辛迪巴（Guaxindiba）渔业社区的60名渔民开展的半结构化访谈，该社区地理坐标为21°29'S, 41°00'W。受访渔民共提及89种鱼类，其中44.1%为该区域核心商业鱼种。渔民提及5处各具特色的作业渔区：沿岸带（68种）、河口区（41种）、人工鱼礁区（27种）、"马拉卡谢塔（malacacheta）"海域（24种）以及开阔洋区（10种）。研究团队依据渔业资源的美食与经济属性将其划分为五类：一级商业鱼种（35种）、二级商业鱼种（32种）、混捕兼用鱼种（10种）、弃捕鱼种（7种）以及鱼饵用鱼种（5种）。目标物种的售价会随着生产链条的延伸而上涨，这源于参与环节的主体增多、加工成本增加以及产品品质升级。本研究数据可为当地渔业管理提供支撑，并为里约热内卢州北部海域渔业资源养护中的人工鱼礁应用指明方向。