Pigments, sequential extraction, and CNS measurements of Amsoldingersee sediment core, Switzerland

This table contains all low-resolution data accompanying Schouten et al., 2025 in prep. All analytical data were attained from a sediment core taken in Amsoldingersee (46°43'N; 07°34'E; 641 m.a.s.l.); endorheic, small (38 ha; 13 m deep) lake in the Aare valley, located in the Swiss Plateau. The data was collected to get a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between, algal communities, anoxia, temperature and total trophic productivity in the timeframe 11 ka BP - 17 ka BP. The age-depth relationship is established with a Bayesian model blending 9 14C dates, 3 biostratigraphical markers, and the Laacher see ash layer.The data contains sequentially extracted fractions of P, Fe and Mn, pigment measurements, pollen and CNS data from 1-cm sediment subsamples. Data were attained between January-August 2023. Sediments were collected using a piston corer in 3m segments (UWITEC - style). The sediment cores were cut in 1m pieces and subsampled. Pigments were extracted from ~1 ml (~1.2 g) of wet bulk sediment using 2.5 ml of 100 % HPLC-grade acetone. 100 μl of pigment extract was analysed using reverse-phase HPLC (Thermo Scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000 series), a reverse-phase C18-ODS-column (Agilent Omnisphere-5) and a Diode Array Detector (DAD-3000(RS)). Pigment data includes both photopigments (e.g. Chl-a etc.) and carotenoid biomarkers (e.g. Alloxanthin). The chromatogram peaks were integrated in Chromeleon 7.2. The peak areas were calibrated to nmol using pre-determined HPLC-system-specific linear regression coefficients. We used a non-target approach and named unknown carotenoids according to their retention times (e.g. car-21.2 occurs at 21.2 minutes after injection). We classified green pigments more polar than Chl a as pheophorbides-x.x.x; green pigments less polar than Chl a as pheophytins-x; and green pigments less polar than β-carotene as pyropheophytins-x. Five to eight milligrams of homogenised freeze-dried sediment were combusted in tin capsules to determine TC, TN and TS with a vario cube (Elementar). TOC was measured by combusting pre-acidified sediment in tin-packed silver capsules. TIC was calculated as TC minus TOC. For the sequential extraction of P, Mn and Fe, we used the extraction protocol of Lukkari et al. (2007) to obtain five fractions of P, Mn and Fe. P, Fe and Mn of all five fractions were measured using ICP-MS

本数据集包含Schouten等人2025年待发表研究配套的全部低分辨率数据。所有分析数据均采自取自阿尔蒙津湖（Amsoldingersee，北纬46°43′，东经7°34′，海拔641米）的沉积岩芯；该湖为瑞士高原阿勒河谷内的内流封闭小型湖泊，面积38公顷，最大水深13米。本数据集的采集旨在全面解析11 ka BP至17 ka BP时段内，藻类群落、缺氧环境、水温与总营养生产力之间的相互作用机制。本数据集的年龄-深度框架通过贝叶斯模型（Bayesian model）建立，该模型整合了9组¹⁴C测年数据、3个生物地层标记物以及拉赫湖（Laacher See）火山灰层的年代信息。数据集涵盖1厘米级沉积物子样中的磷（P）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）分级提取组分、色素测定数据、孢粉数据以及碳氮硫（CNS）分析数据。所有数据采集于2023年1月至8月期间。沉积物采用UWITEC型活塞式采样器以3米段长进行采集，岩芯被切割为1米长的分段并进行子样分取。色素提取采用约1毫升（约1.2克）的新鲜块状沉积物，以2.5毫升100%高效液相色谱（High Performance Liquid Chromatography，简称HPLC）级丙酮完成。取100微升色素提取液，通过反相高效液相色谱系统（Thermo Scientific Dionex Ultimate 3000系列）、反相C18-ODS色谱柱（Agilent Omnisphere-5）以及二极管阵列检测器（Diode Array Detector，简称DAD-3000(RS)）完成分析。色素数据包含光合色素（如叶绿素a（Chl-a）等）与类胡萝卜素生物标志物（如别藻黄素（Alloxanthin））。色谱峰在Chromeleon 7.2软件中进行积分，峰面积通过预先测定的适配本HPLC系统的线性回归系数校准为纳摩尔（nmol）单位。本研究采用非靶向分析策略，未知类胡萝卜素根据其保留时间命名（例如，car-21.2代表进样后21.2分钟出现的组分）。我们将极性强于叶绿素a的绿色色素归类为脱镁叶绿素类-x.x.x；极性弱于叶绿素a的绿色色素归类为脱镁叶绿酸类-x；极性弱于β-胡萝卜素的绿色色素归类为焦脱镁叶绿酸类-x。称取5至8毫克均质冻干沉积物置于锡囊内，使用vario cube元素分析仪（Elementar公司）测定总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）与总硫（TS）。总有机碳（TOC）通过将预酸化后的沉积物装入镀银锡囊后燃烧测定。总无机碳（TIC）通过总碳减去总有机碳计算得到。针对磷、锰、铁的分级提取，本研究采用Lukkari等人2007年的提取方案，以获得磷、锰、铁的5个分级组分。所有5个分级组分中的磷、铁、锰均通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry，简称ICP-MS）进行定量测定。