PRINCIPLES OF LINGUISTIC ANNOTATION IN LANGUAGE CORPORA

This article discusses corpus linguistics with a particular focus on the linguistic annotation of dialectal corpora. It provides a detailed overview of various annotation types — lexical, morphological, syntactic, phonetic, semantic, pragmatic, and discursive — and explains their roles in identifying dialectal differences, supported by relevant examples. The paper also outlines the history of corpus annotation, including automatic and manually corrected methods, and presents commonly used annotation tools and formats. Through the analysis of dialectal units, the article highlights phonetic, semantic, and pragmatic variations across different regional dialects in Uzbekistan. It offers both theoretical and practical foundations for conducting systematic dialectological research within the framework of corpus linguistics.

本文围绕语料库语言学（corpus linguistics）展开探讨，重点聚焦方言语料库的语言标注（linguistic annotation）工作。文中详细梳理了七大标注类型——词汇、形态、句法、语音、语义、语用与话语层面的标注，并结合相关实例阐释其在识别方言差异中的核心作用。此外，本文还回溯了语料库标注（corpus annotation）的发展历程，涵盖自动标注与人工校正两类方法，并介绍了当前常用的标注工具与格式。通过对方言单元的系统性分析，本文着重呈现了乌兹别克斯坦不同地域方言在语音、语义与语用层面的变异特征。本研究为在语料库语言学框架下开展系统化方言学研究提供了兼具理论与实践价值的基础支撑。