Table 1_Construction and application of coordination ability evaluation tool for children aged 4–5.9 years old.pdf

BackgroundCoordination ability is a critical component influencing children's basic motor skills and participation in physical activities. Positive experiences formed during early movement practice are essential for lifelong health.
PurposeThis study aimed to scientifically construct a systematic and user-friendly evaluation tool for assessing coordination ability in children aged 4.0–5.9 years, thereby enhancing understanding and promoting targeted development in family and kindergarten activities.
MethodsThe evaluation indicators were determined through literature review, structured expert interviews, expert interviews, and the Delphi method. Sixteen cities in Shandong Province were sampled using a stratified random cluster sampling approach. A total of 1,068 valid samples were obtained (530 children aged 4.0–4.9 years and 538 children aged 5.0–5.9 years). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to test model validity.
ResultsThe structural model of coordination ability demonstrated good fit indices. Coordination ability was found to consist of six key dimensions: balance, spatial orientation, rhythm, perceptual judgment, limb coordination, and limb movement range. Evaluation criteria for both 4- and 5-year-old groups were established. Girls exhibited higher overall coordination scores than boys. Boys in the 4-year-old group showed superior perceptual and judgment ability, while boys in the 5-year-old group performed better in perceptual judgment and spatial orientation.
Conclusion(1) The constructed evaluation tool accurately reflects children's coordination development. (2) The established single and composite scoring criteria effectively distinguish coordination levels among children aged 4–5.9 years. (3) Gender differences exist, with girls generally outperforming boys, though developmental asynchrony is evident across coordination components.

背景 协调能力是影响儿童基础运动技能与体育活动参与度的核心要素。早期运动实践中形成的积极体验，对个体终身健康至关重要。
研究目的 本研究旨在科学构建一套系统化且易用的评估工具，用于测评4.0~5.9岁儿童的协调能力，以增进对该能力的认知，并推动其在家庭与幼儿园活动中得到针对性发展。
研究方法 本研究通过文献综述、结构化专家访谈、专家访谈及德尔菲法（Delphi Method）确定评估指标。采用分层整群随机抽样方法，在山东省16个地市开展抽样。最终获取有效样本1068例，其中4.0~4.9岁儿童530名，5.0~5.9岁儿童538名。采用SPSS 26.0与AMOS 26.0进行统计分析，包括探索性因素分析与验证性因素分析以检验模型效度。
研究结果 协调能力的结构模型具备良好的拟合指数。研究发现，协调能力包含6个核心维度：平衡能力、空间定向、节奏性、感知判断、肢体协调与肢体活动范围。本研究建立了4岁组与5岁组儿童的评估标准。女童的整体协调得分显著高于男童。4岁组男童的感知判断能力更优，而5岁组男童在感知判断与空间定向方面表现更佳。
研究结论 (1) 本研究构建的评估工具可准确反映儿童协调能力的发展水平。(2) 所建立的单项与综合评分标准，能够有效区分4~5.9岁儿童的协调能力等级。(3) 儿童协调能力存在性别差异，女童整体表现优于男童，但各协调维度的发展存在明显的异步性。