A Giampieri - A review of the current automotive manufacturing practice from an energy perspective.pdf

The automotive industry is facing on-going challenges to improve the sustainability of its manufacturing processes and vehicle emissions due to economic, environmental, marketability and policy concerns. This review
aims to evaluate steps that could be taken by automotive manufacturers to further reduce energy consumed
during manufacturing processes, particularly focusing on thermal management of low-temperature heat sources
that are extensively present in the whole plant and in the paint shop. Through an extensive literature review on
the subject, this article presents vehicle production processes, the past and future drivers, and strategies towards
sustainability. Firstly, the whole vehicle manufacturing process is explained focusing on the energy sources and
their use in the plant. Then, the paint shop is described as being responsible for the highest energy consumption
in the production process, focusing on components, paints and energy utilisation. After presenting the practice
performed by automotive manufacturers to reduce the energy consumption of their production process in terms
of energy efficiency and thermal management, the article is closed by future steps that could be undertaken by
the automotive industry towards the realisation of a low-carbon sector. It is concluded that unexploited potential
for heat recovery in the paint shop is present in the low-temperature range and this waste heat could be effectively exploited by liquid desiccant technology for energy consumption reduction and could increase paint
quality of the painting process due to more efficient moisture control.

汽车工业在追求其制造工艺及车辆排放的可持续性方面正面临持续性的挑战，这一挑战源于经济、环境、市场竞争力及政策层面的考量。本综述旨在评估汽车制造商可以采取的措施以进一步降低制造过程中的能源消耗，尤其关注整个工厂和涂装车间中广泛存在的低温热源的热管理。通过对相关文献的广泛回顾，本文阐述了车辆生产流程、过去及未来的驱动因素，以及实现可持续发展的策略。首先，详细解释了整个车辆制造流程，着重于能源来源及其在工厂中的应用。随后，描述了涂装车间作为生产过程中能源消耗最高的环节，重点关注其组成部分、涂料及能源利用。在介绍汽车制造商为提高生产过程的能源效率和热管理所采取的实践之后，文章以汽车工业为实现低碳领域所可能采取的后续步骤作为结尾。结论指出，涂装车间在低温范围内存在着未被充分利用的热回收潜力，这些废热可以通过液体干燥剂技术有效地加以利用，从而减少能源消耗，并因更有效的湿度控制而提高涂装工艺的涂料质量。