Vertebral dimensions in the study populations.

Vertebral dimensions in the study populations. L4AP = anteroposterior measurement of L4, L4CSA = vertebral cross sectional area of L4 where CSA = π•a•b, in this case a = vertebral width/2 and b = vertebral depth/2. Independent samples test, t-test for equality of means (medieval and modern samples compared) * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01, *** = p<0.001.研究队列的椎体尺寸参数如下：L4AP为L4椎体的前后径测量值；L4CSA为L4椎体横截面积，其中横截面积（CSA，cross-sectional area）的计算公式为CSA=π·a·b，此处a为椎体宽度的1/2，b为椎体深度的1/2。本研究采用独立样本t检验（均值相等性检验）对中世纪样本与现代样本进行比较，*表示p<0.05，**表示p<0.01，***表示p<0.001。