Self-reported demographics, n = 976.

Introduction
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2,) caused an influx of patients with acute disease characterized by a variety of symptoms termed COVID-19 disease, with some patients going on to develop post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Individual factors like sex or coping styles are associated with a person’s disease experience and quality of life. Individual differences in coping styles used to manage COVID-19 related stress correlate with physical and mental health outcomes. Our study sought to understand the relationship between COVID-19 symptoms, severity of acute disease, and coping profiles.
Methods
An online survey to assess symptoms, functional status, and recovery in a large group of patients was nationally distributed online. The survey asked about symptoms, course of illness, and included the Brief-COPE and the adapted Social Relationship Inventory. We used descriptive and cluster analyses to characterize patterns of survey responses.
Results
976 patients were included in the analysis. The most common symptoms reported by the patients were fatigue (72%), cough (71%), body aches/joint pain (66%), headache (62%), and fever/chills (62%). 284 participants reported PACS. We described three different coping profiles: outward, inward, and dynamic copers.
Discussion
Fatigue, cough, and body aches/joint pains were the most frequently reported symptoms. PACS patients were sicker, more likely to have been hospitalized. Of the three coping profiles, outward copers were more likely to be admitted to the hospital and had the healthiest coping strategies. Dynamic copers activated several coping strategies both positive and negative; they were also younger and more likely to report PACS.
Conclusion
Cough, fatigue, and body aches/joint pain are common and most important to patients with acute COVID-19, while shortness of breath defined the experience for patients with PACS. Of the three coping profiles, dynamic copers were more likely to report PACS. Additional investigations into coping profiles in general, and the experience of COVID-19 and PACS is needed.

引言
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引发了大批以多种症状为特征的急性疾病患者，这类疾病被称为新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19），部分患者后续会发展为新冠急性期后综合征（post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, PACS）。性别、应对方式等个体因素与患者的疾病体验及生活质量密切相关。用于应对新冠相关压力的应对方式的个体差异，与身心健康结局存在关联。本研究旨在明确新冠症状、急性疾病严重程度与应对分型（coping profiles）之间的关联。

方法
本研究通过全国线上发放的方式，开展了一项针对大量患者的症状、功能状态及康复情况的在线调查。该调查涵盖症状、病程相关问题，并包含简易应对方式问卷（Brief-COPE）以及改编版社会关系量表（Social Relationship Inventory）。本研究采用描述性分析与聚类分析方法，对问卷应答的模式进行特征刻画。

结果
本研究共纳入976例患者进行分析。患者报告的最常见症状包括疲劳（72%）、咳嗽（71%）、躯体疼痛/关节痛（66%）、头痛（62%）以及发热/寒战（62%）。其中284名参与者符合新冠急性期后综合征（PACS）诊断。本研究归纳出三种不同的应对分型：外向型、内向型与灵活型应对者。

讨论
疲劳、咳嗽及躯体疼痛/关节痛为最常报告的症状。新冠急性期后综合征患者病情更重，住院率更高。在三种应对分型中，外向型应对者的住院风险更高，且其应对策略最为健康。灵活型应对者会同时采用多种积极与消极的应对策略，该类人群年龄更小，且报告新冠急性期后综合征的比例更高。

结论
咳嗽、疲劳与躯体疼痛/关节痛是急性新冠患者最常见且最受关注的症状，而呼吸困难则是新冠急性期后综合征患者的核心体验。在三种应对分型中，灵活型应对者报告新冠急性期后综合征的概率更高。未来仍需针对应对分型的整体特征，以及新冠与新冠急性期后综合征的患者体验开展更多研究。