Prevalence and factors associated with excess weight in adolescents in a low-income neighborhood - Northeast, Brazil

Abstract Objectives: to study the prevalence of excess weight and associated factors among adolescents from a low-income neighborhood located in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. Methods: cross-sectional study, in which behavioral, socioeconomic and demographic information was collected from June to December 2014. Excess weight was calculated based on body mass index for age and the cut-off points, by the World Health Organization (2007). To analyze associations between predictor variables and the outcome, multivariate data analysis was performed following the Poisson Regression (Prevalence Ratio - PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: twenty-five adolescents participated in the study, with a prevalence of 36.4% of excess weight: 20.4% overweight (95%CI=15.1-25.7) and 16.0% obesity (95%CI= 11.2-20.8), predominantly in female gender (42.5%; p=0.031). The outcome was associated with internet access (PR=1.20; 95%CI=1.01-1.43), the number of people in the family (PR= 1.12; 95%CI=1.01-1.28) and screen time (PR=1.13; 95%CI=1.01-1.27), but only in male gender. Conclusions: the prevalence found was higher than that of other national researches, especially for the female gender. In the male gender, not having internet access, a lesser number of family members and a longer screen time proved to be factors associated with being excess weight.

摘要：目的：探究巴西伯南布哥州累西腓市某低收入社区青少年体质量过剩（excess weight）的患病率及其相关影响因素。方法：采用横断面研究（cross-sectional study）设计，于2014年6月至12月收集研究对象的行为学、社会经济学及人口学资料。体质量过剩的判定依据为年龄别体质指数（body mass index, BMI）及世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）2007年制定的截断切点。为分析预测变量与结局变量的关联，采用泊松回归（Poisson Regression）计算患病率比（Prevalence Ratio, PR）及其对应的95%置信区间（95% confidence intervals, 95%CI）开展多变量数据分析。结果：本研究共纳入25名青少年，体质量过剩总患病率为36.4%，其中超重（overweight）占20.4%（95%CI=15.1~25.7），肥胖（obesity）占16.0%（95%CI=11.2~20.8）；女性群体体质量过剩患病率为42.5%（p=0.031）。分析显示，互联网接入情况（PR=1.20；95%CI=1.01~1.43）、家庭人口数（PR=1.12；95%CI=1.01~1.28）及屏幕暴露时长（screen time）与体质量过剩存在显著关联，且该关联仅在男性群体中成立。结论：本研究所得体质量过剩患病率高于国内其他同类研究，在女性群体中表现尤为突出。在男性群体中，无互联网接入、家庭人口较少及更长的屏幕暴露时间为体质量过剩的相关影响因素。