Phenology, vegetative growth, and yield performance of fig in Southeastern Brazil

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological patterns, vegetative growth, and yield characteristics of fig (Ficus carica)varieties in Southeastern Brazil. The 'Roxo de Valinhos', White Genova, PI-189, and Troyano varieties were distributed in a randomized complete block design and evaluated in the field. The following characteristics were assessed: number of days between pruning and the beginning of sprouting; leaf chlorophyll content; number of shoots on each branch; length, diameter, and number of internodes on each branch; number of leaves per plant; leaf area; number of fruit per plant; mass, length, and diameter of fruit; production and yield; and duration (days) of each phenological stage, such as thermal requirement models. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova sprouted the fastest and showed the largest number of shoots. Troyano obtained the greatest branch length and diameter, as well as the greatest number of fruit per plant, which had the shortest diameter and length and the lowest mass of fruit. Furthermore, Troyano showed the latest harvest, besides the thermal requirement of 4,577.31 degree-days. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova produced fruit with the greatest average mass and diameter and the longest length. Troyano shows better vegetative growth and produces more fruit per plant than 'Roxo de Valinhos', but both genotypes show similar yields.

摘要：本研究旨在评估巴西东南部地区无花果（Ficus carica）品种的物候模式、营养生长及产量特性。试验采用随机完全区组设计，对‘Roxo de Valinhos’、White Genova、PI-189与Troyano四个供试品种开展田间评价。本次试验测定的指标涵盖：修剪至萌芽始期的天数、叶片叶绿素含量、单枝新梢数量、单枝的长度、直径与节间数、单株叶片数、叶面积、单株结果数、单果质量、果长与果径、总产量与单位面积产量，以及各物候阶段的持续时长（天数）与热需量模型。结果显示：‘Roxo de Valinhos’与White Genova萌芽速度最快，新梢总数最多。Troyano的枝条长度与直径均为最大，单株结果数最多，但其果实的果径、果长均为最小，单果质量最低。此外，Troyano的收获期最晚，其热需总量达4577.31度日。‘Roxo de Valinhos’与White Genova所结果实的平均单果质量、果径均为最大，果长最长。相较于‘Roxo de Valinhos’，Troyano的营养生长更为旺盛，单株结果数更多，但两个供试品种的单位面积产量相近。