Proposal of a domain model for 3D representation of buildings for the 3D cadastre in Ecuador

The accelerated urban sprawl of cities around the world presents major challenges for urban planning and land resource management. In this context, it is crucial to have a detailed 3D representation of buildings enriched with accurate alphanumeric information. A distinctive aspect of this proposal is its specific focus on the spatial unit corresponding to buildings. In order to propose a domain model for the 3D representation of buildings, the national standard of Ecuador and the international standard (ISO 19152) were considered. The proposal includes a detailed specification of attributes, both for the general subclass of buildings and for their infrastructure. The application of the domain model proposal was crucial in a study area located in the Riobamba canton, due to the characteristics of the buildings in that area. For this purpose, a geodatabase was created in pgAdmin4 with official information, taking into account the structure of the proposed model and linking it with geospatial data for an adequate management and 3D representation of the buildings in an open-source Geographic Information System. This application improves cadastral management in the study region and has wider implications. This model is intended to serve as a benchmark for other countries facing similar challenges in cadastral management and 3D representation of buildings, promote efficient urban development and contribute to global sustainable development.全球范围内加速推进的城市蔓延态势，给城市规划与土地资源管理带来了严峻挑战。在此背景下，获取搭载精准字母数字信息的精细化建筑三维表示成果，具备至关重要的现实意义。本方案的鲜明特色在于，其聚焦于建筑所对应的空间单元。为构建建筑三维表示的领域模型，研究参考了厄瓜多尔国家标准与国际标准（ISO 19152）。该方案详细规范了建筑通用子类及其附属基础设施的属性信息。鉴于里奥班巴县研究区域的建筑特征，本领域模型方案在该区域的应用具有关键实践价值。为此，研究基于pgAdmin4创建了地理数据库（geodatabase），集成官方数据并结合所提出的模型结构，关联空间数据以在开源地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）中实现建筑物的高效管理与三维表示。该应用优化了研究区域的地籍管理工作，同时具备更广泛的推广价值。本模型旨在为在地籍管理与建筑三维表示领域面临相似挑战的其他国家提供参考范本，助力高效城市开发，并为全球可持续发展贡献力量。