Data from: Triiodothyronine (T3) differentially regulates thermogenic and metabolic programs in murine white, brown, and beige adipocytes

Thyroid hormone plays a central role in energy metabolism andthermogenesis, but adipocyte-intrinsic responses to triiodothyronine (T3)across adipocyte lineages remain incompletely defined. Here, wecompared the transcriptional and functional responses of differentiatedmurine white (3T3-F442A), brown (EB5), and beige (EB7) adipocytes tosustained T3 exposure under defined in vitro conditions. T3 increased Thrband Dio2 expression in brown and beige adipocytes, but not in whiteadipocytes. It also produced lineage-specific patterns of gene regulation.The thermogenic genes Ppargc1a and Ucp1 were strongly induced inbrown and beige adipocytes, whereas white adipocytes showed minimalresponses. Genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were alsodifferentially regulated: brown and beige adipocytes exhibited a patternconsistent with metabolic support of thermogenesis, while white adipocytesdisplayed a distinct, less thermogenically oriented response. Functionalanalysis showed preserved β-adrenergic lipolytic competence in T3-treatedadipocytes, linking transcriptional responses to metabolic function. Thesefindings demonstrate that sustained T3 exposure elicits adipocyte-intrinsic,lineage-dependent responses and suggest that thyroid hormone favorsmetabolic programs supporting energy expenditure in brown and beigeadipocytes, while exerting distinct effects in white adipocytes moreconsistent with energy storage than thermogenic activation.