THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD IN HEALTH RESEARCHES IN BRAZIL: AN ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION

Abstract Phenomenology as an inquiry method reveals itself as a possibility of making the relationship between the health professionals and the users of the health care system closer. This study aims to contribute to the process of philosophical appropriation of this perspective within the researches in this field. The research was conducted with the goal of analyzing the periodical scientific production related to this subject, identifying the phenomena assessed in these studies, the theoretical phenomenological perspectives adopted, as well as the fields of origin of the articles found between 2010 and 2014. The data were collected between December 2014 and February 2015 in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Virtual Health Library (“Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde”, in Portuguese) and Capes Periodical Portal (“Portal de Periódicos Capes”, in Portuguese) databases. In the 17 selected articles, the prevailing field is nursing, which follows this metho-dology; Alfred Schutz is predominant as a philosophical guide, followed by Heidegger. In 12 of the works, the studied topics were related to women. Most of the studies did not provide reflections about the phenomenological research, focusing on hearing the narratives and on the phenomenal description that is revealed with the use of thematizations. The Brazilian publications are scarce, and, moreover, they do not provide enough guidance for the production of the investigation of the essences.

抽象现象学（Abstract Phenomenology）作为一种研究进路，为拉近医疗卫生从业者与医疗体系使用者之间的关系提供了可行路径。本研究旨在推动该研究领域内学界对这一研究视角的哲学化吸纳与应用进程。本研究的目标为分析该主题相关的期刊学术产出，识别此类研究中所考察的现象、所采用的现象学理论视角，以及2010至2014年间收录文章的所属学科领域。研究数据于2014年12月至2015年2月期间，从在线科学电子图书馆（Scientific Electronic Library Online）、虚拟健康图书馆（葡萄牙语原名：Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde）以及Capes期刊门户（葡萄牙语原名：Portal de Periódicos Capes）三大数据库中采集。在最终入选的17篇文章中，采用该研究方法的主流学科为护理学；哲学指导思想以阿尔弗雷德·舒茨（Alfred Schutz）为主，其次为海德格尔（Heidegger）。其中12篇文献的研究主题与女性群体相关。多数研究未就现象学研究本身展开反思，而是聚焦于倾听研究对象的叙事，以及通过主题化方法揭示的现象学描述。巴西地区的相关研究成果较为匮乏，且未能为本质探究类研究的开展提供充分的方法论指引。