Long-Term Spatial Precipitation Dataset for the Coastal Basin of Paraná, Brazil

Long-Term Precipitation Dataset from 165 Rain Gauge Stations in Paraná, Brazil (1981–2024) This dataset provides a comprehensive collection of long-term precipitation observations from 165 rain gauge stations located in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The dataset spans the period 1981–2024, offering high temporal coverage for hydrological, climatological, and environmental studies. The database integrates data from multiple sources (e.g., ANA and other monitoring agencies) and includes both telemetered and conventional stations, enabling comparative analyses of measurement technologies and data quality. A rigorous quality control and preprocessing workflow was applied, including: Detection and removal of extreme outliers Consistency checks across neighboring stations Standardization of temporal coverage Gap handling and metadata harmonization The dataset is particularly suitable for: Hydrological modeling (e.g., GR2M, GR4J) Climate variability and change studies (including CMIP6 validation) Extreme precipitation and flood risk analysis Spatial interpolation and gridded dataset development Evaluation of telemetric vs. non-telemetered station performance Contents The dataset is organized into the following components: 1. Station Metadata estacoes_plu.xlsx estacoes_plu_1981_2024.xlsx estacoes_plu_1981_2024.csv 165_estacoes_plu.csv These files include: Station ID (Codigo) Name and type of station Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) Altitude Basin and sub-basin classification Municipality and state Operating status Data source (e.g., ANA) Telemetry information (Telemetered / Non-telemetered) 2. Time Series Data The folders contains individual precipitation time series for each station in .txt format, it contains: One file per station Daily or Monthly precipitation records (station or CHIRPs based) Raw and Preprocessed values Folder series_prec/ contains raw pluviometer data with variable temporal resolution Folder series_prec_1981_2024/ contains raw pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 Folder series_prec_chirps/ contains raw daily CHIRPS data at period 1981–2024 at the same location of each pluviometer Folder series_prec_chirps_monthly/ contains monthly CHIRPS data at period 1981–2024 at the same location of each pluviometer Folder series_prec_corte_fisico/ contains daily pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with removed precipitation above maximum physical Folder series_prec_extremos_removidos/ contains pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with removed daily precipitation extremes Folder series_prec_extremos_removidos_duplicados/ contains pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with removed daily precipitation extremes and removed daily repeted values Folder series_prec_monthly/ contains monthly accumulate pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 after quality control Folder series_prec_qualidade/ contains daily pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 with flags of quality control Folder series_prec_sem_duplicatas/ contains daily pluviometer data at period 1981–2024 without duplicate dates Spatial Coverage Region: Paraná State Coastal Region and near Curitiba area, Brazil Includes coastal, plateau, and mountainous regions Covers multiple hydrographic basins relevant for water supply and environmental management Data Processing Notes Extreme precipitation values were identified and removed using statistical and consistency-based filters Telemetric and conventional stations were harmonized into a unified structure Metadata were standardized across sources The dataset supports reproducibility and further refinement (e.g., bias correction, interpolation)巴西巴拉那州165个雨量站长期降水数据集（1981–2024年） 本数据集收录了巴西南部巴拉那州165个雨量站的长期降水观测资料，时间跨度为1981至2024年，可为水文、气候学与环境学研究提供高时间覆盖度的观测数据支撑。 本数据集整合了多源观测资料（如ANA及其他监测机构的数据），涵盖遥测雨量站与常规雨量站两类观测站点，可支持不同测量技术与数据质量的对比分析。 本数据集采用了严格的质量控制与预处理流程，具体包括： - 极端异常值的检测与剔除 - 相邻站点观测一致性检验 - 时间覆盖范围的标准化处理 - 缺测值处理与元数据统一协调 本数据集尤其适用于以下研究方向： - 水文模拟（如GR2M、GR4J模型） - 气候变率与气候变化研究（含CMIP6模式验证） - 极端降水与洪水风险分析 - 空间插值与格点数据集构建 - 遥测与非遥测站点性能对比评估 数据集组成 本数据集包含以下两大部分： 1. 站点元数据 相关文件包括： estacoes_plu.xlsx、estacoes_plu_1981_2024.xlsx、estacoes_plu_1981_2024.csv、165_estacoes_plu.csv 上述文件包含以下信息： - 站点ID（Codigo） - 站点名称与类型 - 地理坐标（纬度、经度） - 海拔高度 - 流域与子流域分类 - 所属市与州 - 运行状态 - 数据来源（如ANA） - 遥测信息（遥测/非遥测） 2. 时间序列数据 本数据集包含各站点的独立降水时间序列文件，格式为.txt，具体内容如下： - 每个站点对应一个文件 - 日/月降水记录（站点观测或CHIRPS衍生数据） - 原始与预处理后的数据 各文件夹内容说明如下： - series_prec/：存储不同时间分辨率的原始雨量观测数据 - series_prec_1981_2024/：存储1981–2024年时段的原始雨量观测数据 - series_prec_chirps/：存储1981–2024年时段内与各雨量站位置匹配的CHIRPS逐日原始数据 - series_prec_chirps_monthly/：存储1981–2024年时段内与各雨量站位置匹配的CHIRPS逐月原始数据 - series_prec_corte_fisico/：存储1981–2024年时段内剔除了超出物理上限的降水日观测数据 - series_prec_extremos_removidos/：存储1981–2024年时段内剔除了极端日降水值的雨量观测数据 - series_prec_extremos_removidos_duplicados/：存储1981–2024年时段内剔除了极端日降水值与重复日期记录的雨量观测数据 - series_prec_monthly/：存储经质量控制后的1981–2024年时段逐月累计雨量观测数据 - series_prec_qualidade/：存储1981–2024年时段内带有质量控制标记的日雨量观测数据 - series_prec_sem_duplicatas/：存储1981–2024年时段内无重复日期记录的日雨量观测数据 空间覆盖范围 - 区域：巴西巴拉那州沿海区域及库里蒂巴周边区域 - 涵盖沿海、高原与山地地貌 - 覆盖多个与供水及环境管理相关的水文流域 数据处理说明 - 本数据集通过统计与一致性筛选方法识别并剔除了极端降水值 - 统一了遥测与常规雨量站的数据结构 - 统一了多源数据的元数据规范 - 本数据集支持研究结果可复现，并可用于后续的精细化处理（如偏差校正、空间插值等）