FROM REVELRY TO PERFORMANCE: BIOPOWER IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CARNIVAL OF OLINDA

ABSTRACT Purpose: The present study aims to understand how biopower is manifested in the organization of the Carnival of Olinda. For this, Carnival is studied as a complex organization, comprehending this concept beyond formal organizations, and power is studied under the Foucaultian perspective, which constitutes the theoretical lens of this investigation, allowing us to understand it even in its most diffuse manifestations, at the level of micro-practices, articulating the dimensions of security and wealth in the organization of the festivity. Originality/value: The notion of biopower in the management of big events shows itself to be a relevant theoretical construction, at a time when popular folksies have been increasingly permeated by business and tourism logics. The intensive use of public space requires technologies that allow freedom and entertainment while providing security and risk minimization to the patrimony and the population. The Carnival investigated has great media and touristic visibility, but it is little contemplated in the organizational studies. Design/methodology/approach: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was carried out on the journalistic coverage of four Carnivals in a 10-year interval (1986, 1996, 2006, 2016) in two local newspapers, the only ones circulating during throughout the study period. Findings: The results point to a growing market order, in which tourism and entertainment demands generate economic results for the city, while at the same time demanding a standardization, vigilance and loss prevention, resulting in a biopolitical production.摘要 研究目的：本研究旨在探究生命权力（biopower）在奥林达狂欢节（Carnival of Olinda）组织运作中的具体表现形式。为此，本研究将狂欢节视作一种复杂组织，对“组织”概念的理解超越正式组织范畴；同时以福柯主义理论视角作为本研究的理论框架，以此审视权力的运作——即便在微观实践层面的弥散性表现中也可对其加以解读，并厘清节庆组织中安全与财富两个维度的内在关联。 原创性/价值：当下大众民俗活动日益为商业与旅游逻辑所渗透，在此背景下，大型活动治理中的生命权力（biopower）概念展现出显著的理论建构价值。公共空间的集约化使用，亟需既能保障自由与娱乐体验，又能对公共遗产与民众实现安全防护、风险最小化的治理技术。本次研究涉及的奥林达狂欢节具备较高的媒体与旅游关注度，但现有组织研究对其关注甚少。 研究设计与方法：本研究选取研究时段内唯一发行的两份地方报纸，对1986年、1996年、2006年、2016年这10年跨度内的四届奥林达狂欢节的新闻报道展开福柯式话语分析（Foucauldian Discourse Analysis）。 研究发现：结果显示，一种不断强化的市场秩序正逐步形成——旅游与娱乐需求在为城市带来经济收益的同时，也催生了标准化、警戒化与风险防控的治理模式，最终催生了生命政治的生产过程。