PhtocurrentVsIntensity.

Photoelectrical stimulation of cells and neural modulation via the separation of photo-induced electrical charges in photocapacitor structures have proven effective and biocompatible for therapeutic applications, such as retinal prostheses. Recent advances in photovoltaic materials and device architectures, particularly the use of pixelated photoelectrodes, have enabled high-resolution modulation of neuronal transmembrane potentials. Upon illumination, photo-induced dipoles and excitons in semiconductor layers generate localized electric fields that interact with the cell membrane to trigger stimulation. Polarization-modulated light dynamically alters the orientation of these dipoles, modulating field orientation and enhancing light–matter coupling at the membrane interface. This effect is especially pronounced in anisotropic media or aqueous environments, where polarization control enables deeper, more focused light penetration. Our framework combines (1) a photocapacitive mechanism that displaces charge across the cell membrane through excitonic microdomain redistribution in the photovoltaic hybrid and (2) an electrostatic force from photo-induced dipoles near the cell. These effects are embedded in an equivalent-circuit model that links optical inputs (intensity and polarization) to the device’s open-circuit voltage (VOC) and photocurrent (Iph), and subsequently to the resulting membrane potential (Vm). Using the PCE12:ITIC-based solar cell platform, we experimentally demonstrate polarization-dependent modulation of photovoltage and photocurrent, and directly correlate these effects with intracellular calcium dynamics. Calcium imaging of hippocampal neurons revealed robust, stimulus-locked ΔF/F₀ transients on PCE12:ITIC substrates under light stimulation, in contrast to minimal responses on control ITO films, confirming that polarization-modulated excitonic processes drive physiologically relevant changes in neuronal signaling. Moreover, we highlight how dipole–membrane coupling provides a conceptual and functional link between neuromodulation and quantum logic systems, especially when realized through nanocrystal-based harmonic oscillators. InP-ZnO nanoclusters exhibit selective responses to left circularly polarized (LCP) light, offering pixel-wise selectivity for color-encoded retinal stimulation. Bioinspired anisotropic quantum dot arrays, modeled after polarization-sensitive ommatidia in bee eyes, enable spatially selective neuromodulation and programmable bio-optoelectronic interfaces.通过光电容器（photocapacitor）结构中光致电荷分离实现的细胞光电刺激与神经调控，已被证实对视网膜假体（retinal prostheses）等治疗应用具备有效性与生物相容性。近年来光伏材料与器件架构的研究进展，尤其是像素化光电极（pixelated photoelectrodes）的应用，实现了对神经元跨膜电位的高分辨率调控。当受到光照时，半导体层中的光致偶极子（photo-induced dipoles）与激子（excitons）会产生局域电场，该电场与细胞膜相互作用以触发细胞刺激。偏振调制光会动态改变这些偶极子的取向，进而调控电场方向并增强膜界面处的光-物质耦合（light–matter coupling）效应。该效应在各向异性介质（anisotropic media）或水环境中尤为显著，此时偏振调控可实现更深、更聚焦的光穿透深度。本研究提出的框架结合了两大核心机制：(1) 光伏杂化体系中激子微域再分布引发的光电容机制，该机制可使电荷跨细胞膜发生位移；(2) 细胞附近光致偶极子产生的静电力。上述效应被嵌入等效电路模型（equivalent-circuit model）中，该模型将光输入参数（光强与偏振）与器件的开路电压（open-circuit voltage, VOC）、光电流（photocurrent, Iph）相连，并进一步关联至最终的膜电位（membrane potential, Vm）。本研究基于PCE12:ITIC太阳能电池平台，通过实验证实了光电压与光电流的偏振依赖性调控，并将这些效应与细胞内钙动态变化（intracellular calcium dynamics）直接关联。对海马神经元的钙成像结果显示，在光照刺激下，PCE12:ITIC衬底上可观测到稳定的、与刺激同步的ΔF/F₀瞬态信号；而对照的氧化铟锡（ITO）薄膜上仅存在极微弱的响应，这证实了偏振调控的激子过程可驱动与生理相关的神经元信号传导变化。此外，本研究还阐明了偶极子-膜耦合如何为神经调控与量子逻辑系统（quantum logic systems）搭建概念与功能层面的桥梁，尤其当该耦合通过基于纳米晶的谐振子（nanocrystal-based harmonic oscillators）实现时。磷化铟-氧化锌（InP-ZnO）纳米团簇对左旋圆偏振光（left circularly polarized, LCP）具有选择性响应，可为颜色编码的视网膜刺激提供像素级选择性。受蜜蜂复眼中偏振敏感小眼（polarization-sensitive ommatidia）启发制备的仿生各向异性量子点阵列，可实现空间选择性神经调控与可编程生物光电子接口（bio-optoelectronic interfaces）。