Millennium Cohort Study: Age 14, Sweep 6, 2015

<p><i>Background</i>:<br>The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is a large-scale, multi-purpose longitudinal dataset providing information about babies born at the beginning of the 21st century, their progress through life, and the families who are bringing them up, for the four countries of the United Kingdom. The original objectives of the first MCS survey, as laid down in the proposal to the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in March 2000, were:</p><ul><li>to chart the initial conditions of social, economic and health advantages and disadvantages facing children born at the start of the 21st century, capturing information that the research community of the future will require</li><li>to provide a basis for comparing patterns of development with the preceding cohorts (the <i>National Child Development Study</i>, held at the UK Data Archive under GN 33004, and the <i>1970 Birth Cohort Study</i>, held under GN 33229)</li><li>to collect information on previously neglected topics, such as fathers' involvement in children's care and development</li><li>to focus on parents as the most immediate elements of the children's 'background', charting their experience as mothers and fathers of newborn babies in the year 2000, recording how they (and any other children in the family) adapted to the newcomer, and what their aspirations for her/his future may be</li><li>to emphasise intergenerational links including those back to the parents' own childhood</li><li>to investigate the wider social ecology of the family, including social networks, civic engagement and community facilities and services, splicing in geo-coded data when available</li></ul><p>Additional objectives subsequently included for MCS were:</p><ul><li>to provide control cases for the national evaluation of Sure Start (a government programme intended to alleviate child poverty and social exclusion)</li><li>to provide samples of adequate size to analyse and compare the smaller countries of the United Kingdom, and include disadvantaged areas of England</li></ul><p>Further information about the MCS can be found on the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/millennium-cohort-study/" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Centre for Longitudinal Studies</a> web pages.</p><p>The content of MCS studies, including questions, topics and variables can be explored via the <a href="https://discovery.closer.ac.uk/item/uk.cls.mcs/0d8a7220-c61b-4542-967d-a40cb5aca430">CLOSER Discovery</a> website. <br></p><p>The first sweep (MCS1) interviewed both mothers and (where resident) fathers (or father-figures) of infants included in the sample when the babies were nine months old, and the second sweep (MCS2) was carried out with the same respondents when the children were three years of age. The third sweep (MCS3) was conducted in 2006, when the children were aged five years old, the fourth sweep (MCS4) in 2008, when they were seven years old, the fifth sweep (MCS5) in 2012-2013, when they were eleven years old, the sixth sweep (MCS6) in 2015, when they were fourteen years old, and the seventh sweep (MCS7) in 2018, when they were seventeen years old, and the eighth sweep (MCS8) in 2023-2025, when they were 23 years old. .<br><br><i>Safeguarded versions of MCS studies</i>:<br>The Safeguarded versions of MCS1, MCS2, MCS3, MCS4, MCS5, MCS6, MCS7 and MCS8 are held under UK Data Archive SNs 4683, 5350, 5795, 6411, 7464, 815, 8682 and 9509 respectively. The Longitudinal Files are held under SN 8172.<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Polygenic Indices</span><br>Polygenic indices are available under Special Licence SN 9437. Derived summary scores have been created that combine the estimated effects of many different genes on a specific trait or characteristic, such as a person's risk of Alzheimer's disease, asthma, substance abuse, or mental health disorders, for example. These polygenic scores can be combined with existing survey data to offer a more nuanced understanding of how cohort members' outcomes may be shaped. <br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Sub-sample studies</span>:<br>Some studies based on sub-samples of MCS have also been conducted, including a study of MCS respondent mothers who had received assisted fertility treatment, conducted in 2003 (see EUL SN 5559). Also, birth registration and maternity hospital episodes for the MCS respondents are held as a separate dataset (see EUL SN 5614).<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Release of Sweeps 1 to 4 to Long Format (Summer 2020)<br></span>To support longitudinal research and make it easier to compare data from different time points, all data from across all sweeps is now in a consistent format. The update affects the data from sweeps 1 to 4 (from 9 months to 7 years), which are updated from the old/wide to a new/long format to match the format of data of sweeps 5 and 6 (age 11 and 14 sweeps). The old/wide formatted datasets contained one row per family with multiple variables for different respondents. The new/long formatted datasets contain one row per respondent (per parent or per cohort member) for each MCS family. Additional updates have been made to all sweeps to harmonise variable labels and enhance anonymisation. <span style="font-style: italic;"> <br></span><i><br>How to access genetic and/or bio-medical sample data from a range of longitudinal surveys:<br></i>For information on how to access biomedical data from MCS that are not held at the UKDS, see the <a href="https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/data-access-training/genetic-data-and-biological-samples/" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CLS Genetic data and biological samples</a> webpage.<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Secure Access datasets</span>:<br>Secure Access versions of the MCS have more restrictive access conditions than versions available under the standard Safeguarded Licence or Special Licence (see 'Access data' tab above).<br><br>Secure Access versions of the MCS include:</p><p></p><p></p><ul><li>detailed sensitive variables not available under EUL. These have been grouped thematically and are held under SN 8753 (socio-economic, accommodation and occupational data), SN 8754 (self-reported health, behaviour and fertility), SN 8755 (demographics, language and religion) and SN 8756 (exact participation dates). These files replace previously available studies held under SNs 8456 and 8622-8627</li><li>detailed sensitive data from the MCS8 survey, and responses from triplets held under SN 9510</li><li>detailed geographical identifier files which are grouped by sweep held under SN 7758 (MCS1), SN 7759 (MCS2), SN 7760 (MCS3), SN 7761 (MCS4), SN 7762 (MCS5 2001 Census Boundaries), SN 7763 (MCS5 2011 Census Boundaries), SN 8231 (MCS6 2001 Census Boundaries), SN 8232 (MCS6 2011 Census Boundaries), SN 8757 (MCS7), SN 8758 (MCS7 2001 Census Boundaries) and SN 8759 (MCS7 2011 Census Boundaries). These files replace previously available files grouped by geography SN 7049 (Ward level), SN 7050 (Lower Super Output Area level), and SN 7051 (Output Area level)</li><li>linked education administrative datasets for Key Stages 1, 2, 4 and 5 held under SN 8481 (England).  This replaces previously available datasets for Key Stage 1 (SN 6862) and Key Stage 2 (SN 7712)<br></li><li>linked education administrative datasets for Key Stage 1 held under SN 7414 (Scotland)</li><li>linked education administrative dataset for Key Stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 under SN 9085 (Wales)<br></li><li>linked NHS Patient Episode Database for Wales (PEDW) for MCS1 – MCS5 held under SN 8302</li><li>linked Scottish Medical Records data held under SNs 8709, 8710, 8711, 8712, 8713 and 8714;</li><li>Banded Distances to English Grammar Schools for MCS5 held under SN 8394</li><li>linked Health Administrative Datasets (Hospital Episode Statistics) for England for years 2000-2019 held under SN 9030</li><li>linked Hospital of Birth data held under SN 5724.</li></ul><p>The linked education administrative datasets held under SNs 8481,7414 and 9085 may be ordered alongside the MCS detailed geographical identifier files only if sufficient justification is provided in the application. <br><br>Researchers applying for access to the Secure Access MCS datasets should indicate on their ESRC Accredited Researcher application form the EUL dataset(s) that they also wish to access (selected from the MCS Series <a href="https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000031#!/access-data" target="_blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Access</a> web page).</p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-style: italic;">SN 8156 - Millennium Cohort Study: Age 14, Sweep 6, 2015</span><br>The sixth sweep of the <span style="font-style: italic;">Millennium Cohort Study</span> was carried out when the cohort members were 14 years old. As 14 is a key transitional age, the sweep was purposefully ambitious in the breadth and scope of its contents. It included: an interview (CAPI and CASI) with the main parent and their partner (where relevant); a self-completion interview with the cohort members; cognitive assessments for the main parent, the partner and the cohort member; DNA collection of the cohort member and natural parents in the household; physical measurements of the cohort member; placement of a time use diary with the cohort member; placement of an accelerometer with the cohort member.<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">Latest edition information<br></span>For the eighth edition (September 2025), three new harmonised Time Use Diary data files (calendar format, episode level and derived variables) have been added to the study, along with an updated user guide. These files replace previously available data and documentation.</p>

【背景】
千年队列研究（Millennium Cohort Study, MCS）是一项大型多用途纵向数据集，覆盖英国四个构成国，旨在记录21世纪初出生婴儿的人生成长历程及其养育家庭的相关信息。2000年3月向经济和社会研究理事会（Economic and Social Research Council, ESRC）提交的初始提案中，首次MCS调查的既定目标包括：
- 绘制21世纪初出生儿童所面临的社会、经济与健康优劣初始图景，采集未来研究社群所需的相关信息
- 为将当前队列与此前的出生队列（分别为存于英国数据档案馆编号GN 33004的《全国儿童发展研究》，以及编号GN 33229的《1970年出生队列研究》）的发展模式进行对比提供依据
- 收集此前被忽视的研究主题相关信息，例如父亲在儿童照护与成长中的参与情况
- 以父母作为儿童“成长背景”中最直接的影响因素，记录2000年新晋父母作为新生儿监护人的经历，追踪他们（以及家庭中其他子女）如何适应新成员的到来，以及他们对孩子未来的期许
- 强调代际联系，包括追溯父母自身的童年经历
- 探究家庭所处的更广泛社会生态，包括社会网络、公民参与、社区设施与服务，并在可获取时纳入地理编码数据

后续为MCS新增的目标包括：
- 为确保开端计划（一项旨在缓解儿童贫困与社会排斥的政府项目）的全国评估提供对照样本
- 提供足够规模的样本，以分析对比英国各构成国的数据，并纳入英格兰的贫困地区样本

首次扫查（MCS1）在婴儿9个月大时，对样本中的母亲以及（若同住的）父亲或父亲形象监护人进行了访谈；第二次扫查（MCS2）于儿童3岁时对同一批受访者开展。第三次扫查（MCS3）于2006年儿童5岁时完成，第四次扫查（MCS4）于2008年儿童7岁时完成，第五次扫查（MCS5）于2012-2013年儿童11岁时完成，第六次扫查（MCS6）于2015年儿童14岁时完成，第七次扫查（MCS7）于2018年儿童17岁时完成。

【MCS研究的最终用户许可版本】
MCS1、MCS2、MCS3、MCS4、MCS5、MCS6与MCS7的最终用户许可（End User Licence, EUL）版本分别存于英国数据档案馆编号SN 4683、5350、5795、6411、7464、8156与8682。纵向家庭文件存于编号SN 8172。

【子样本研究】
部分基于MCS子样本的研究亦已开展，例如2003年开展的针对接受辅助生殖治疗的MCS受访母亲的研究（详见最终用户许可版本编号SN 5559）。此外，MCS受访者的出生登记与产科医院就诊记录作为独立数据集存档（详见最终用户许可版本编号SN 5614）。

【第1至4次扫查数据转为长格式（2020年夏季）】
为支持纵向研究并简化不同时间点数据的对比工作，目前所有扫查的数据均已统一格式。本次更新覆盖第1至4次扫查（对应儿童9个月至7岁阶段），将原宽格式数据更新为新的长格式，以匹配第5、6次扫查（对应儿童11岁与14岁阶段）的数据格式。原宽格式数据集以家庭为单位，每个家庭对应一行数据，包含多套针对不同受访者的变量；新长格式数据集则以每个MCS家庭中的每位受访者（每位父母或队列成员）为单位，每个受访者对应一行数据。此外，所有扫查的数据均已完成变量标签统一与匿名化程度优化。

【MCS官方网页】
关于MCS的更多信息可查阅纵向研究中心（Centre for Longitudinal Studies）官网：https://cls.ucl.ac.uk/cls-studies/millennium-cohort-study/

【如何获取多项纵向调查的遗传与/或生物医学样本数据】
英国数据服务无法提供遗传与生物医学样本数据，相关申请的治理途径概述可查阅METADAC（数据访问伦理社会、技术与行政问题管理中心）官网的“数据与样本访问治理”页面：http://www.metadac.ac.uk/data-access-through-metadac/

【安全访问数据集】
MCS的安全访问版本相较于标准最终用户许可或特殊许可版本，拥有更为严格的访问条件。

MCS的安全访问版本包括：
- 最终用户许可版本未公开的敏感详细变量，按主题分组存档，分别为编号SN 8622（出生国家）、SN 8623（族裔、宗教与语言）、SN 8624（健康、国际疾病分类（International Classification of Diseases, ICD）代码与生育信息）、SN 8625（非同住子女信息）、SN 8626（第3次扫查身体测量日期）与SN 8627（完整标准职业分类（Standard Occupational Classification, SOC）代码与房间数量）
- 按扫查分组的详细地理标识符文件，分别为编号SN 7758（MCS1）、SN 7759（MCS2）、SN 7760（MCS3）、SN 7761（MCS4）、SN 7762（MCS5 2001年人口普查边界）、SN 7763（MCS5 2011年人口普查边界）、SN 8231（MCS6 2001年人口普查边界）与SN 8232（MCS6 2011年人口普查边界）。上述文件替代了此前按地理区域分组的编号SN 7049（选区层级）、SN 7050（下级超级输出区层级）与SN 7051（输出区层级）的存档文件
- 存档于编号SN 8481（英格兰）的关键阶段1、2与4的关联教育行政数据集，该数据集替代了此前的关键阶段1（SN 6862）与关键阶段2（SN 7712）数据集
- 存档于编号SN 7414（苏格兰）与SN 7415（威尔士）的关键阶段1关联教育行政数据集
- 存档于编号SN 8302的MCS1至MCS5的威尔士NHS患者就诊数据库（PEDW）关联数据
- 存档于编号SN 8394的MCS5阶段英语文法学校距离分级数据
- 存档于编号SN 8456的确切访谈日期数据

需注意的访问限制：
仅当申请中提供充分理由时，方可同时订购存档于SN 8481、7414与7415的关联教育行政数据集，以及存档于SN 7758、7759、7760、7761、7762与7763的MCS地理标识符文件。关联教育行政数据集无法与存档于编号SN 5724的《出生医院：特殊许可访问》数据集同时获取。此外，用户仅可申请一份MCS5地理标识符人口普查边界研究，即仅可选择SN 7762（2001年人口普查边界）或SN 7763（2011年人口普查边界）中的一项；MCS6地理标识符人口普查边界研究亦遵循相同规则，用户仅可选择SN 8231（2001年人口普查边界）或SN 8232（2011年人口普查边界）中的一项。

申请访问MCS安全访问数据集的研究者，需在ESRC认证研究者申请表中注明其同时希望访问的最终用户许可版本数据集（可从MCS系列《访问》网页选择：https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000031#!/access-data）

【第六次扫查概况】
千年队列研究第六次扫查于队列成员14岁时开展。由于14岁是关键的过渡年龄，本次扫查在内容广度与范围上均经过精心设计，涵盖以下内容：与主要监护人及其伴侣（若适用）进行的访谈（计算机辅助个人访谈（Computer-Assisted Personal Interview, CAPI）与计算机辅助自我访谈（Computer-Assisted Self-Interview, CASI））；对队列成员的自填式访谈；对主要监护人、其伴侣与队列成员的认知评估；对家庭内的队列成员与亲生父母进行DNA样本采集；对队列成员的身体测量；为队列成员发放时间使用日志；为队列成员佩戴加速度计。

【第七次扫查更新（2020年11月）】
第七次扫查新增了三份队列成员时间使用日志（Time Use Diary, TUD）数据文件，分别对应三种数据收集方式：纸质问卷、移动应用与在线问卷。整合三种收集方式的统一格式TUD数据文件仍可获取。