Effect of Broccoli Residues Fermented with Probiotics on the Growth Performance and Health Status of Broilers Challenged with Clostridium Perfringens

ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the effects of broccoli residues fermented with probiotics (BF) on the growth performance, immunity, and gut health in broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). A total of 600 broilers (one day old) were randomly allotted into five treatments with six replicates of 20 birds each and were reared until 42 days of age. The treatments included a positive control (PC, fed a basal diet and reared on uncontaminated litter), a negative control (NC, birds reared on litter contaminated with C. perfringens and fed a basal diet), and NC plus BF at 25, 50 or 75 g/kg of diet. The BF contained yeast 3.1 × 107cfu/g, lactic acid bacteria 9.5 × 106cfu/g and Bacillus subtilis 3.5 × 106cfu/g. Birds in the NC group showed lower (p<0.05) feed intake and body weight gain, whereas BF supplementation recovered (p<0.05) the growth performance to the levels of PC group. Dietary BF at 50and 75 g/kg reduced (p<0.05) broiler mortality. Similarly, compared to the NC group, BF increased (p<0.05) immune organ weights and serum immunoglobulins A, G, and M to the levels of PC group. The ileal populations of Escherichia coli and Gram-negative bacteria were decreased (p<0.05) by BF to the levels of PC, and C. perfringens was also decreased (p<0.05) by BF. The serum profiles of mono- and di-amine oxidase were decreased (p<0.05) by BF. BF at 75 g/kg reduced (p<0.05) monoamine oxidase compared with the other BF doses. The results suggest that broccoli residues fermented with probiotics can be a novel biological feed additive to protect the performance and health of broilers against C. perfringens infection.

摘要 本研究旨在探究益生菌发酵西兰花副产物（BF）对产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens，C. perfringens）攻毒肉鸡的生长性能、免疫机能及肠道健康的影响。本试验选取600只1日龄肉鸡，随机分为5个处理组，每组设6个重复，每个重复20只鸡，饲养至42日龄。处理组设置如下：阳性对照组（PC：饲喂基础日粮，使用未污染垫料饲养）、阴性对照组（NC：使用被产气荚膜梭菌污染的垫料饲养并饲喂基础日粮），以及在NC组基础上分别添加25、50、75 g/kg日粮剂量BF的试验组。该BF制剂含酵母菌3.1×10^7 CFU/g、乳酸菌9.5×10^6 CFU/g以及枯草芽孢杆菌3.5×10^6 CFU/g。阴性对照组肉鸡的采食量与体增重均显著降低（p<0.05），而添加BF可使生长性能恢复至阳性对照组水平（p<0.05）。日粮中添加50、75 g/kg BF可显著降低肉鸡死亡率（p<0.05）。同样，与阴性对照组相比，添加BF可使肉鸡免疫器官重量及血清免疫球蛋白A、G、M水平显著提升至阳性对照组水平（p<0.05）。BF可使肉鸡回肠中的大肠杆菌与革兰氏阴性菌菌落数显著降低至阳性对照组水平（p<0.05），且产气荚膜梭菌的菌落数同样显著降低（p<0.05）。BF可显著降低肉鸡血清中单胺氧化酶与二胺氧化酶的活性水平（p<0.05）。与其他BF添加剂量相比，75 g/kg的BF可更显著地降低单胺氧化酶活性（p<0.05）。本研究结果表明，益生菌发酵西兰花副产物可作为一种新型生物饲料添加剂，用于保护肉鸡在产气荚膜梭菌感染下的生产性能与机体健康。