Table 2_Antibody responses in Burkinabe children against P. falciparum proteins associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria.xlsx

Individuals residing in malaria-endemic regions with high disease transmission can develop semi-immunity within five years of age. Although understanding the target of the IgGs in this age group helps discover novel blood-stage vaccine candidates and serological markers, it has not been well elucidated due to limited accessibility to plasmodial antigens and samples. This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of antibody levels in plasma obtained from Burkinabe children (n=80, aged 0 to 5 years) to 1307 Plasmodium falciparum proteins expressed by the eukaryotic wheat germ cell-free system. Antibody levels were measured by AlphaScreen. We found that 98% of antigens were immunoreactive. The number of reactive antigens by the individual was correlated with increasing age. The most significant increases in seroprevalence occur during the first 2 years of life. By correlating antibody levels and the number of clinical malaria during a 1-year follow-up period, we identified 173 potential protein targets which might be associated with clinical immunity. These results provide valuable insights into how children acquired semi-immunity to malaria in their early lives.

居住于疟疾高传播流行区域的人群，可在5岁前获得疟疾半免疫力。尽管明确该年龄段人群体内免疫球蛋白G（Immunoglobulin G，IgG）的靶标有助于发现新型红内期疫苗候选分子与血清学标志物，但由于疟原虫抗原及临床样本获取受限，这一问题尚未得到充分阐明。本研究首次针对布基纳法索儿童（n=80，年龄0至5岁）的血浆样本，开展了针对1307种通过真核小麦胚芽无细胞表达系统制备的恶性疟原虫（Plasmodium falciparum）蛋白的抗体水平全面分析。抗体水平通过AlphaScreen技术完成检测。本研究发现，98%的疟原虫抗原具有免疫反应性；个体识别的反应性抗原数量随年龄增长而显著升高，血清阳性率的最显著升高阶段为生命的前2年。通过将抗体水平与1年随访期内的临床疟疾发作次数进行关联分析，本研究鉴定出173个可能与临床疟疾免疫力相关的潜在蛋白靶点。本研究结果为阐明儿童在生命早期如何获得疟疾半免疫力提供了宝贵的科学见解。