YorkU.Impermeable.Pond area date Collection.Oct17-2016

<b>Meta data</b><b>: </b> Census: represent the sampling week. Which may be either week 5 = census 1, week 7 = census 2 or week 8 = census 3 Calendar date: its a continuous variable which represents the date that the data collection took place. Campus: represents the campus and the university that the data collection took place. Group-ID: Represents each group’s significant number, which is used for identification within different groups. Habitat: it’s a categorical variable that represents the location used for data collection; either impermeable or pond area. Rep: which represents replicates and indicates the total number of times a specific measurement was conducted. Abundance.native.plants: it’s a continuous variable, which shows the total number of native plants counted in side the quadrat area that are originally grow in that location. Abundance.exotic.plants: it’s a continuous variable that shows the total number of plants counted that are not originally from that location and they normally grow somewhere else. Abundance.woody.plants: It’s a continuous variable that shows the number of trees counted that are 1.5m or higher in height. Total.number.flowers (quadret): It’s a continuous variable, which shows the number of individual flowers counted from different species within the quadrats. Canopy.cover: It’s a continuous variable that shows the coverage leaves and branches take up in a certain frame. Ground.cover: It’s a continuous variable, which shows the area in which small plants such as mosses, grass and low shrubs grow. Total.number.flowers (transect): It’s a continuous variable, which shows the number of individual flowers counted from different species along the 0.5 range of 50m long transect. Abundance.vertebrates: It’s a continuous variable, indicating the total number of vertebrates visualized and counted in the range of 50 meters radius from transect for 15 minutes. Vertebrate.species: It’s continuous variable, which shows the number of different species of vertebrates visualized in the range of 50 meters radius from the transect, for 15 minutes. Abundance.invertebrates.observed: Its a continuous variable, which shows the total number of insects observed in the range of 5 meter radius from the transect, for 15 minutes. Abundance.human: Its a continue variable, which shows the total count of people who are not members of the lab present in the 50m range from the transect, for 15 minutes. Abundance.invertebrate.pantraps: it’s a continuous variable, indicating the total number of individuals visualized and counted in the bowl, after 40 minutes. Abundance.invertebrates.sweeps: it’s a continuous variable, indicating the total number of individuals visualized and counted in the sweep net. <b>Methods: </b>The data was collected on a foggy, moderately windy day with a temperature of 17°C, on Monday October ,17th 2016. The impermeable and the pond area of York University campus were chosen in order to collect data; using the same procedure for both. The coordinates of the impermeable land had a latitude of 43.768235, longitude of -79.50731 and an elevation of 137. 74579.The coordinates of the pond area had a latitude of 43.770577, longitude of -79.50663 and an elevation of 151.32195. This was done with the collaboration of Mera Sritharan; separating the data collection to four distinct parts. A 50 meter transect was placed in parallel with other students transects. Firstly, a quadrat was placed randomly every 2 meters, for 25 times, along the transect. This process took roughly 20 minutes. The number of native and exotic plants and flowers were measured by dividing the quadrat to parts and sum the areas covered. For the second part of the data collection, the number of woody plants was measured every 2 meters along the transect within the range of 0.5 meters. For each tree, the ground and canopy cover was measured again by dividing the visual area to parts and adding the areas covered. In addition, the total number of flowers was measured by direct visualization. This process took 20 minutes. For the third part, the first 15 minutes was spent to walk a 50m radius around the transect and the abundance of vertebrates, the different types of species and number of humans was measured through visualization and counting. Another 15 minutes’ interval was spent to measure the abundance of invertebrates visually. Lastly, 6 bowls with three different colors of blue, yellow and white were placed, 3 meters apart, with alternating colors; filled with soapy water up to an inch. The number of invertebrates was measured 40 minutes after placement. Then, the sweep nets were conducted along the 50m transect, repeating it for 10 times. The numbers of invertebrates were measured by counting the number of insects caught. <b>Hypothesis:</b>There would be a higher abundance of plant species in the pond area compared to the impermeable area. This is due to the difference in the components that make up the environment. The clay, pebbles and gravel that make up the impermeable area can’t provide essential elements for proper survival and wellbeing. Also the pond area is not affected by human disturbances thus allowing plants to thrive in that area. <b> </b> <b> </b> <b> </b> <b> </b> <b>Predictions: </b>There would be a larger diversity of plant species in the pond area compared to the impermeable land because the pond area has a wide range of resources (nutrition and pollination) for which different plants can thrive from. The impermeable area on the other hand does not provide any nutrition, means of pollination and that is due to the nature of impermeable area which prevent liquid to pass through it and since water is essential for any plants to survive the lack of water retention makes it imposable for any plants to survive and live in the impermeable area. <b> </b> <b> </b> <br>

<b>元数据</b>: 普查周（Census）：代表采样周，可分为第5周（普查1）、第7周（普查2）与第8周（普查3）。日历日期：为连续变量，代表数据收集的具体日期。校园：数据采集所在的校园与所属大学。组标识编号（Group-ID）：用于不同组别内识别的每组唯一编号。生境（Habitat）：为分类变量，代表数据采集的地点类型，分为不透水区与池塘区。重复次数（Rep）：代表某一特定测量的总执行次数。本地植物丰度（Abundance.native.plants）：为连续变量，代表在样方（quadrat）内计数的原产于该区域的本地植物总数。外来植物丰度（Abundance.exotic.plants）：为连续变量，代表计数的非本地起源的植物总数。木本植物丰度（Abundance.woody.plants）：为连续变量，代表计数的高度≥1.5米的树木数量。样方总花数（Total.number.flowers (quadrat)）：为连续变量，代表在样方内计数的不同物种的单朵花总数。冠层盖度（Canopy.cover）：为连续变量，代表特定样框内叶片与枝条的覆盖占比。地表盖度（Ground.cover）：为连续变量，代表苔藓、草本、低矮灌木等小型植物的生长覆盖面积。样带总花数（Total.number.flowers (transect)）：为连续变量，代表沿50米长样带（transect）0.5米范围内计数的不同物种的单朵花总数。脊椎动物丰度（Abundance.vertebrates）：为连续变量，代表在样带周边50米半径范围内、15分钟内目视计数的脊椎动物总数。脊椎物种种数（Vertebrate.species）：为连续变量，代表在样带周边50米半径范围内、15分钟内目视观测到的不同脊椎物种种群数量。观测无脊椎动物丰度（Abundance.invertebrates.observed）：为连续变量，代表沿样带5米半径范围内、15分钟内目视观测到的昆虫总数。人类活动丰度（Abundance.human）：为连续变量，代表在样带周边50米范围内、15分钟内计数的非实验室人员总数。无脊椎动物诱捕陷阱（pantraps）丰度（Abundance.invertebrate.pantraps）：为连续变量，代表放置40分钟后碗内目视计数的无脊椎动物个体总数。扫网法无脊椎动物丰度（Abundance.invertebrates.sweeps）：为连续变量，代表扫网捕获的无脊椎动物个体总数。<b>采集方法</b>: 数据采集于2016年10月17日周一，当日为雾天，风力中等，气温17℃。本次采集选取约克大学校园内的不透水区与池塘区，两地采用统一的采集流程。不透水区的坐标为北纬43.768235、西经79.50731，海拔137.74579；池塘区坐标为北纬43.770577、西经79.50663，海拔151.32195。本次采集由Mera Sritharan协作完成，将数据收集分为四个独立环节。首先布设一条50米长的样带，与其他学生布设的样带平行。第一步，沿样带每2米随机放置1个样方，共布设25次，该过程耗时约20分钟。通过将样方分区求和的方式，测量本地植物、外来植物与花的数量。第二步，沿样带每2米、在0.5米范围内测量木本植物数量，并通过分区求和的方式分别测量每棵树的地表盖度与冠层盖度，同时通过直接目视计数总花数，该环节耗时20分钟。第三步，前15分钟沿样带周边50米半径范围步行，目视计数脊椎动物丰度、脊椎物种种数与人类活动数量；随后再用15分钟目视观测无脊椎动物丰度。最后，放置6个装有肥皂水（装至约1英寸高度）的诱捕碗，颜色依次为蓝、黄、白交替，间距3米，40分钟后计数碗内的无脊椎动物数量。随后沿50米样带使用扫网采样10次，计数捕获的无脊椎动物数量。<b>研究假设</b>: 假设池塘区的植物物种丰度高于不透水区。这是由于两地环境组成存在差异：不透水区由黏土、砾石与碎石构成，无法为植物存活与生长提供必需的营养元素；且池塘区未受人类活动干扰，利于植物繁衍。<b> </b><b> </b><b> </b><b> </b><b>研究预测</b>: 池塘区的植物物种多样性将高于不透水区，原因在于池塘区可为不同植物提供多样的生存资源（营养与传粉条件）。反观不透水区，其基质特性阻碍水分渗透，无法留存植物生存必需的水分，且不提供任何营养与传粉条件，因此几乎无法支持植物存活生长。<b> </b><b> </b><br>