Growth, water consumption and basil production in the hydroponic system under salinity

ABSTRACT In irrigated crops, salinity is the main cause of the reduction of growth and productivity, with damage of the variability according to the sensitivity of the crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth, water consumption and production of basil cv. Toscano Folha de Alface under saline stress, in different frequencies of recirculation of the nutritive solution and hydroponic systems. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme 3 x 2 + 1, where the first factor represents the concentrations of NaCl (0, 40 and 80 mmol L-1) and the second factor the recirculation frequencies of the nutrient solution (4 or 6 hours) in a deep flow hydroponic system (DFT), and an additional treatment with nutrient solution in hydroponic laminar flow system (NFT). The water consumption, growth variables and phytomass production and growth rates were evaluated. Reducing the frequency of recirculation of the nutrient solution to six hours does not cause significant reductions in water consumption, growth, phytomass production and absolute growth rate of basil. The water consumption, growth, phytomass production and the absolute growth rate of basil reduced with the use of saline nutrient solution, 40 and 80 mmol L-1 NaCl. The choice of the DFT or NFT hydroponic system does not cause significant changes in the variables analyzed in basil, under the conditions studied.

摘要：在灌溉作物中，盐胁迫是抑制其生长与降低生产力的主要诱因，其危害程度因作物敏感性差异而有所不同。本试验旨在探究盐胁迫下，不同营养液循环频率及水培系统对‘托斯卡纳生菜叶罗勒’（basil cv. Toscano Folha de Alface）的生长、耗水量与产量的影响。试验采用完全随机设计，设置3×2+1因子组合：第一因子为NaCl浓度（0、40、80 mmol·L⁻¹），第二因子为深液流水培系统（deep flow hydroponic system, DFT）内的营养液循环频率（4小时或6小时）；另增设1组采用营养液膜水培系统（hydroponic laminar flow system, NFT）的营养液处理作为补充组。本试验测定了耗水量、生长指标、植物生物量产量及生长速率。结果表明，将营养液循环频率降至6小时，并不会显著降低罗勒的耗水量、生长表现、植物生物量产量及绝对生长速率；当使用含有40、80 mmol·L⁻¹ NaCl的盐胁迫营养液时，罗勒的耗水量、生长表现、植物生物量产量及绝对生长速率均显著下降。在本试验的研究条件下，选用DFT或NFT水培系统并不会对罗勒的各项测定指标产生显著影响。