Dalla normalizzazione alla normalit�. La partnership Russia-Cina tra realt� e percezione (1986-2008)

For twenty years after Sino-Soviet normalization (1989), bilateral relations between Moscow and Beijing have been variously termed as "constructive", "strategic", "limited", "pragmatic", and eventually "normal". Drawing on international literature, this article provides a historical overview of Russian-Chinese intercourse focusing on the shifts and changes that have occurred in Russian approach to China for two decades (1986-2008). Russia's concerns for the shifting balance of power between the two countries and its efforts to counter its decline relying on a preferential partnership with the United States set out the ground for Moscow's erratic China policy in the Nineties and in the early twenty-first century. Finally, this article devotes attention to the stabilization of bilateral relations under Vladimir Putin, trying to escape the good deal of presentism which affects many contemporary analyses. The aim is to assess a historical process and understand what brought about the current state of Russian-Chinese relations, which are based on shared common interests, but still reveal their fault lines.

自1989年中苏关系正常化以来的二十年间，中俄双边关系先后被界定为"建设性""战略性""有限性""务实性"关系，最终定位为"正常化"双边关系。本文依托国际学界既有研究成果，围绕1986至2008年二十年间俄罗斯对华战略的演变与调整，对中俄交往历程展开系统性历史梳理。俄罗斯对两国间权力格局变动的担忧，以及其试图通过对美特惠伙伴关系遏制自身实力下滑的举措，为90年代及21世纪初莫斯科对华政策的摇摆不定埋下了伏笔。最后，本文重点探讨弗拉基米尔·普京执政时期双边关系的稳定化进程，力求规避影响诸多当代研究的"当下主义"偏差。本文旨在评估这一历史进程，厘清当前中俄双边关系现状的成因：当前两国关系建立在共同利益基础之上，但仍显现出潜在的分歧与脆弱之处。