Supporting data for "Chromosome‐level genome of the globe skimmer dragonfly (Pantala flavescens)"

The globe skimmer dragonfly (Pantala flavescens) is a notable Odonata insect distributed in nature fields and farmlands worldwide and is commonly recognized as a natural enemy, as it preys on agricultural pests and health pests. Composing one of the sister groups of winged insects, odonatan species are key to understanding insect evolution. We present a chromosome-level reference genome of P. flavescens, which is also the first chromosome‐level genome in the Palaeoptera (a subclass of insects that are unable to flex their wings over their abdomen and includes the orders Odonata and Ephemeroptera). The assembled genome size was 662 Mb, with a contig N50 of 16.2 Mb. Via Hi-C scaffolding, 648 Mb (97.6%) of contig sequences were clustered, ordered and assembled into 12 large scaffolds, each corresponding to a natural chromosome. The repetitive sequences and gene density of the X chromosome were similar to those of autosomal sequences, but the X chromosome showed a much lower degree of heterozygosity. Our analysis shows that the effective population experienced three declining events, which may have been caused by climate change and environmental pollution. The genome of P. flavescens is conducive for the utilization of this species in pest control and provides more information on the biology and evolution of insects.

黄蜻（Pantala flavescens）是一类具有代表性的蜻蜓目（Odonata）昆虫，广泛分布于全球各类自然旷野与农田之中。因其捕食农业害虫与卫生害虫，常被视为重要的天敌昆虫。作为有翅昆虫的姊妹群之一，蜻蜓目昆虫是解析昆虫演化历程的关键类群。本研究报道了黄蜻的染色体级参考基因组，同时也是古翅下纲（Palaeoptera，一类无法将翅膀折叠于腹部之上的昆虫亚纲，包含蜻蜓目与蜉蝣目）首个染色体级别的基因组。该基因组组装后的总大小为662 Mb，重叠群（contig）N50达到16.2 Mb。通过Hi-C（高通量染色体构象捕获）支架组装技术，648 Mb（占总序列的97.6%）的重叠群序列被聚类、排序并组装为12条大型支架，每条支架对应一条天然染色体。X染色体的重复序列占比与基因密度与常染色体相近，但其杂合度显著低于常染色体。本研究分析显示，黄蜻的有效种群经历了三次规模下降事件，这可能由气候变化与环境污染所导致。该黄蜻基因组不仅有助于推动该物种在害虫生物防治中的应用，也为昆虫生物学与演化研究提供了更为丰富的信息。