Table_1_Assessment of export-embodied CO2 emissions from China’s ocean industries: implications for formulating sustainable ocean policies.xls

The ocean industries are characterized by being export-driven. The exports of ocean industries (hereafter termed ocean exports) caused environmental pollution with amounts of CO2 emissions and thereby affected climate change. There is a need, therefore, for accurate assessments of CO2 emissions embodied in ocean exports—which can help policymakers adopt targeted emission-reduction measures to formulate sustainable ocean policies. However, few studies of ocean-industry emissions considered impacts in sectoral and trade pattern heterogeneity, especially from export perspective. To fill this gap, we measured and evaluated the export-embodied CO2 emissions from China’s ocean industries, based on our newly developed high-resolution and comparable time-series environmentally extended input–output database, called EE-DPN-OEIOT. The results showed that China’s ocean exports generated 94.3 Mt of embodied CO2 emissions in 2017, with nearly 40% originating from processing ocean exports. Regarding the evolution from 2007 to 2017, the total export-embodied CO2 emissions from ocean industries decreased by 7.3%, while the embodied CO2 emissions in processing ocean exports increased by 50.1%. From 2007 to 2017, the decrease in carbon emission intensity was the major driving factor of the downturn in export-embodied CO2 emissions across the total ocean economy and for seven ocean subsectors (60%), while the export-scale effect primarily drove the increases in CO2 emissions. Moreover, there were disparities in the driving factors behind changes in embodied CO2 emissions between processing and non-processing ocean exports. Based on our findings, we proposed three recommendations from a trade perspective to facilitate low-carbon sustainable transition of China’s ocean economy, thus better fulfilling Sustainable Development Goal 14.

海洋产业以出口导向为核心特征。海洋产业的出口（以下简称海洋出口）会产生大量二氧化碳排放，造成环境污染并进而影响气候变化。因此，精准核算海洋出口隐含的二氧化碳排放十分必要——该核算结果可帮助政策制定者制定针对性减排措施，助力构建可持续海洋政策体系。然而，现有海洋产业碳排放研究鲜有兼顾行业异质性与贸易模式异质性的影响，尤其缺乏从出口视角展开的相关探讨。为填补这一研究空白，本研究基于自主构建的高分辨率、可比较的时间序列环境拓展投入产出数据库EE-DPN-OEIOT，对中国海洋产业出口隐含二氧化碳排放开展了测算与评估。研究结果显示，2017年中国海洋出口隐含二氧化碳排放量达9430万吨，其中近40%来自加工类海洋出口。就2007至2017年的演化趋势而言，海洋产业出口隐含二氧化碳排放总量下降7.3%，但加工类海洋出口隐含二氧化碳排放却增长了50.1%。2007至2017年间，碳排放强度下降是推动整体海洋经济及占海洋经济总量60%的7个海洋细分行业出口隐含二氧化碳排放回落的核心驱动因素，而出口规模效应则是带动二氧化碳排放增长的主要动因。此外，加工类与非加工类海洋出口的隐含二氧化碳排放变化，其背后的驱动因素存在显著差异。基于上述研究结论，我们从贸易视角提出三项建议，以推动中国海洋经济实现低碳可持续转型，更好地落实可持续发展目标14。