BONE AND MUSCULAR ANATOMY OF THE SCAPULAR CINGULUM AND ARM IN Tapirus terrestris (PERISSODACTYLA: TAPIRIDAE)

Tapirus terrestris  (Linneaus, 1758) is a mammal found in South America and in almost all Brazilian biomes. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of bone and muscle of the scapular cingulum and arm  of Tapirus terrestris and compare it with other species of mammals, especially equines. We used four animals donated to the Laboratory of Education and Research of  Wild Animals of the Federal University of Uberlândia, after their death with no trauma. The bones were carefully analyzed, described and the muscles were dissected, analyzed and described in accordance with the usual techniques of gross anatomy. The skeleton of the scapular cingulum and arm of Tapirus terrestris is formed by scapula and humerus bones, the lateral muscles of the scapula are subclavian m., deltoid m. supraspinatus m. and infraspinatus, teres minor m., subscapularis m., teres major m., coracobrachialis m., shoulder joint m., biceps brachii m., brachial m. triceps, forearm tensor fasciae m., anconeus m. The muscular and bone standard found is similar to the horse (Equus caballus) T. terrestris has bone and muscle characteristics of a suitable animal to displacement and eventual swimming with obvious bone accidents and developed muscles .

南美貘（Tapirus terrestris，Linneaus, 1758）是分布于南美洲且几乎见于巴西所有生物群系的哺乳类动物。本研究旨在描述南美貘肩带与臂部的骨与肌肉解剖结构，并将其与其他哺乳类物种（尤其马类）进行比较。我们选取了4只捐赠给乌贝兰迪亚联邦大学野生动物教育与研究实验室的个体，这些动物均为非创伤性死亡。研究人员严格遵循常规大体解剖学技术，对骨骼进行细致分析与描述，并对肌肉进行分离解剖、观察与记录。南美貘的肩带与臂部骨骼由肩胛骨与肱骨构成。肩带外侧肌包括锁骨肌、三角肌、冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌、肩胛下肌、大圆肌、喙肱肌、肩关节肌、肱二头肌、肱肌、肱三头肌、前臂筋膜张肌及肘肌。本次研究得到的肌肉与骨骼标准解剖结构与马（Equus caballus）高度相似。南美貘具备适配位移与潜在游泳行为的骨骼与肌肉特征，其骨骼结构特征显著且肌肉发育完善。