Station functional attributes.

Mountainous urban rail transit stations exhibit distinct characteristics. To investigate how these features affect passenger flow variations at rail stations, we analyze geographic-environmental data surrounding the stations and integrate road network topology, automatic fare collection data, and point-of-interest (POI) data. We propose a method to classify rail transit stations by considering the mountainous features and establish a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model to assess the classification results. This study focuses on 189 rail stations in Chongqing, identifying six station categories: comprehensive mountainous, comprehensive non-mountainous, employment mountainous, employment non-mountainous, residential mountainous, and residential non-mountainous. The MGWR results show that road growth coefficients, average longitudinal slopes, and road lengths significantly influence station performance. For instance, the average longitudinal slope substantially affects employment in mountainous stations, particularly during the morning peak. The analysis reveals that the average longitudinal slope exerts a stronger negative effect on morning peak inbound passenger flow at employment mountainous stations (-0.949), indicating that commuters are more sensitive to travel time during the morning peak. In contrast, the evening peak inbound passenger flow is less impacted (-0.409), suggesting that evening commuters face fewer time constraints. These findings offer strategic insights for zoning transit stations to support transit-oriented development(TOD).山地城市轨道交通车站具有鲜明的特征。为探究此类特征如何影响轨道交通车站的客流变化，本研究分析车站周边地理环境数据，并整合了道路网络拓扑结构、自动售检票数据以及兴趣点（Point-of-Interest，POI）数据。本研究提出一种考虑山地特征的轨道交通车站分类方法，并构建多尺度地理加权回归（Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression，MGWR）模型对分类结果进行评估。本研究以重庆189座轨道交通车站为研究对象，将其划分为六大类别：山地综合型、非山地综合型、山地就业型、非山地就业型、山地居住型以及非山地居住型。MGWR模型结果显示，道路增长系数、平均纵向坡度以及道路长度对车站运营效能具有显著影响。例如，平均纵向坡度对山地就业型车站的客流影响显著，尤其在早高峰时段。分析结果表明，平均纵向坡度对山地就业型车站早高峰进站客流的负向影响更为显著（系数为-0.949），这说明早高峰时段通勤者对出行时间更为敏感。与之相对，晚高峰进站客流受其影响程度相对较低（系数为-0.409），这表明晚高峰通勤者的时间约束更少。这些研究结果可为轨道交通车站的分区规划以支撑以公共交通为导向的开发（TOD）提供战略借鉴。