DRUG-INDUCED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: AN EMERGING CLINICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGE

A major and largely preventable type of adverse drug reaction (ADR) of the cardiovascular system and heart is drug-induced cardiovascular disease (DICVD). It covers a range of pathophysiology between subclinical dysfunction and life-threatening events such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertension. This review provides a systematic description of the key types of drugs associated with cardiovascular toxicity, their suggested pathophysiological pathways, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies. The growing polypharmacy, application of innovative targeted therapies, and the acknowledgment of delayed latent results highlight the extreme importance of greater alertness among clinicians, pharmacologists, and regulatory agencies.药物诱导性心血管疾病（Drug-induced Cardiovascular Disease, DICVD）是一类主要且多数可预防的心血管系统与心脏药物不良反应（Adverse Drug Reaction, ADR）。该范畴涵盖了从亚临床功能异常到危及生命事件的全谱系病理生理过程，包括心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心律失常及高血压等。本综述系统阐述了与心血管毒性相关的核心药物类型、已提出的病理生理通路、风险因素、诊断难点及诊疗策略。日益普遍的多重用药现象、创新靶向治疗手段的应用，以及对延迟潜伏效应的认知加深，均凸显了临床医师、药理学家及监管机构进一步提高警惕性的极端重要性。