O physiologii / About physiology

The author essays to outline the history of physiology. The neologism phisiologia hidden in the title is used to emphasize both the history of the term as well as the development of practices, which are immediately connected with a specific understanding of physis, rules of the world, nature and “internal” human nature seized by “bloody practices” – phlebotomy so wildly spread in bygone ages. The author also emphasizes the interconnections of medicine and philosophy in 17th and 18th century and the beginnings of 19th-century physiology as a separate branch of medicine. Nowadays physiology is mostly connected to proceeding medicalization and technicality which pose questions about the boundaries of nature, culture and humans and the ways to transgress them. The way Cultural Studies, Culture Studies and Anthropology are understood still remains persistently important.

本文尝试勾勒生理学（physiology）的发展历史。标题中暗藏的新造术语phisiologia（标准拼写为physiology，即生理学）旨在同时强调该术语的演变历程，以及相关实践的发展脉络——这些实践与对physis（古希腊哲学术语，意为自然、本性）、世界法则、自然以及被“血腥实践”（即往昔年代广泛流行的放血疗法（phlebotomy））所裹挟的“内在人性”的特定认知直接相关。作者同时着重阐述了17至18世纪医学与哲学的交互关联，以及19世纪生理学作为独立医学分支的肇始。当下，生理学多与持续推进的医疗化进程及技术化特征紧密关联，由此催生了关于自然、文化与人类的边界及其逾越路径的诸多议题。文化研究（Cultural Studies）与人类学（Anthropology）的认知范式，至今仍具有持久的重要意义。