New national potato genotypes: yield response to different doses of 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer

ABSTRACT The fertilization of potato crops generally does not take into account the genotype, although genotypes may respond differently to fertilization. This study aimed to determine the yield of new potato genotypes (cultivar BRS Camila and clone CL 02-05), as well as the cultivar Ágata, submitted to four NPK 4-14-8 fertilizer doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1) in the crop seasons of 2013/14 and 2014/15. We evaluated the total and marketable tuber yield, total and marketable tuber number, percentage of marketable tuber dry weight, average marketable tuber weight and plant growth period. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plot scheme, with fertilizer doses allocated as main plots and genotypes as subplots, with three replications. We did not observe significant interaction for any analyzed variable. The clone CL 02-05 showed higher total and marketable tuber yield compared to the other cultivars, mainly due to its higher production of tuber number. However, we observed a high amount of tubers not suited for commercialization from the clone CL 02-05. Cultivar BRS Camila produced fewer marketable tubers than cultivar Ágata in crop season 2014/15, but without difference in marketable yield. On the other hand, plants of cultivar BRS Camila had a longer growth period of 7 days and the tubers of this cultivar accumulated higher percentage of dry weight compared to cultivar Ágata. The new tested genotypes had yield response similar to cultivar Ágata when submitted to doses of 4-14-8 NPK fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilization management of these new genotypes may be similar to that used with cultivar Ágata.

摘要 马铃薯作物的施肥通常未考虑基因型（genotype），尽管不同基因型对施肥的响应可能存在显著差异。本研究旨在探究2013/14和2014/15两个作物生长季中，新型马铃薯基因型（品种BRS Camila与无性系CL 02-05）以及对照品种Ágata在施加4种不同剂量（0、2、4、6 t·ha⁻¹）的NPK 4-14-8肥料时的产量表现。本试验测定的指标包括块茎总产、商品块茎产量、块茎总数量、商品块茎数量、商品块茎干物质占比、商品块茎平均单重以及植株生长周期。试验采用裂区设计的随机区组布局，肥料剂量设置为主区，基因型设置为副区，共设置3次重复。所有被测变量均未观测到显著的交互效应。无性系CL 02-05的块茎总产与商品块茎产量均高于其余供试品种，这主要源于其更高的块茎数量，但该无性系的非商品块茎占比偏高。在2014/15生长季中，品种BRS Camila的商品块茎数量少于品种Ágata，但商品块茎产量并无显著差异。另一方面，品种BRS Camila的植株生长周期较Ágata长7天，且其块茎的干物质占比显著高于Ágata。供试的新型基因型在施加NPK 4-14-8肥料时，产量响应模式与品种Ágata相近。因此，这两类新型基因型的施肥管理方案可参考品种Ágata的现有方案。