Drug Use Trajectories: Ethnic/Racial Comparisons, 1998-2002 [United-States]

Drug Use Trajectories is a two-wave panel study of noninstitutionalized young adults from South Florida that was designed to provide epidemiological estimates of drug use in early adulthood. In addition to a structured interview that measures lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV substance use and psychiatric disorders, the study included an extensive battery of measures that assessed lifetime and recent stress exposure, subsyndromal depression and anxiety, social support, and psychosocial risk and protective factors thought to be implicated in their etiology. This community-based epidemiological study was motivated by theoretical linkages between the social system, differential exposure of individuals within the system to social factors that can harm health, and to others that are protective, to explain persistent health disparities at the population level. The study assessed major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, alcohol abuse and dependence, drug abuse and dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Modules from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) were included to assess the latter two disorders, and to assess AD/HD. Sub-clinical depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D). The measures of stress exposure in the study involved four dimensions of stressful experience: recent life events, chronic stress, lifetime major and potentially traumatic events, and discrimination stress.

药物使用轨迹（Drug Use Trajectories）是一项针对南佛罗里达州非机构化青年群体的两波追踪调查研究，旨在提供成年早期药物使用的流行病学估算数据。该研究除采用结构化访谈评估精神障碍诊断与统计手册第四版（DSM-IV）物质使用与精神障碍的终生患病率外，还搭载了一套全面的测评工具，用于评估终生及近期应激暴露、亚综合征抑郁与焦虑、社会支持，以及被认为与精神障碍病因相关的社会心理风险与保护因素。这项基于社区的流行病学研究的设计初衷，源于社会系统间的理论关联——即系统内个体暴露于有害健康的社会因素与保护性社会因素的差异，以此解释人群层面持续存在的健康不平等。该研究评估了重性抑郁障碍、心境恶劣障碍、广泛性焦虑障碍、社交恐惧症、惊恐障碍、酒精滥用与依赖、药物滥用与依赖、创伤后应激障碍以及反社会人格障碍。研究采用了诊断访谈量表（Diagnostic Interview Schedule, DIS）的相关模块，用于评估后两类障碍以及注意缺陷多动障碍（AD/HD）。亚临床抑郁采用流调中心用抑郁量表（Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, CES-D）进行测评。本研究的应激暴露测评涵盖应激体验的四个维度：近期生活事件、慢性应激、终生重大创伤性事件以及歧视性应激。