Prevention of domestic child accidents: an educational intervention conducted by Speech Therapy trainees in a Family Health Care Unit

ABSTRACT Purpose: to check the effect of an educational intervention on the prevention of domestic child accidents, carried out by Speech Therapy trainees. Methods: an interventional research that uses primary research data. The action was done by two interns of Speech Therapy with 30 caregivers of children who attended a Family Health Unit. For the carrying out of the educational intervention, two pictures with images which represented objects and situations of risk of accidents were used. Two interview scripts were elaborated, which allowed to identify the caregivers’ personal data and their knowledge about the risks of child accidents in the domestic environment before and after carrying out of the educational intervention. Results: before the educational action, the caregivers identified 187 situations for child accidents, and after the intervention, 215 dangers were identified. Among the 30 caregivers who participated, 23 had significant changes in their answers and seven did not have any change in their knowledge. The main change was in relation to "Accidental poisoning-intoxication by exposure to harmful chemicals" and "The impact caused by an object thrown, projected or falling". Conclusion: the intervention promoted an increase in the participants’ correct reports, and it can be incorporated to the actions of accidents prevention carried out by the trainees and professionals of Speech Therapy who work in basic healthcare.

摘要
研究目的：评估由言语治疗实习生开展的教育干预措施对儿童居家意外伤害的预防效果。
研究方法：本研究为采用一手研究数据的干预性研究。由2名言语治疗实习生针对30名就诊于家庭健康单元（Family Health Unit）的儿童照护者实施干预。本次教育干预使用了两张图片，图片展示了可引发儿童居家意外伤害的物品与风险场景。此外，研究人员编制了两份访谈提纲，用于在教育干预前后分别采集照护者的个人信息及其对儿童居家意外伤害风险的认知情况。
研究结果：教育干预前，照护者共识别出187种儿童意外伤害场景；干预后，识别出的风险场景数量增至215种。参与本次研究的30名照护者中，23名的回答出现显著变化，7名的认知未发生任何改变。其中认知变化最为显著的领域为“接触有害化学物质导致的意外中毒（Accidental poisoning-intoxication by exposure to harmful chemicals）”与“被抛掷、投掷或坠落物体造成的冲击伤害（The impact caused by an object thrown, projected or falling）”。
研究结论：本次教育干预可提升参与者对意外伤害风险的正确认知，该干预模式可纳入言语治疗实习生及基层医疗卫生机构言语治疗专业人员开展的意外伤害预防工作范畴。