Exploring experiential learning opportunities in pharmacogenomics for pharmacy education

Precision medicine is the future of healthcare, and pharmacists are well-positioned to play a key role in pharmacogenomics (PGx). Experiential learning offers valuable opportunities to gain hands-on experience in clinical PGx practices. This study aimed to explore experiential learning opportunities in PGx for pharmacy education. Four PGx clinics in the United States of America, which provide PGx services, were observed to assess the potential for experiential learning. Qualitative data were collected through observations of PGx clinic consultations and semi-structured interviews with four pharmacists, one at each site. This approach provided insight into the practice-based learning opportunities in PGx clinics to explore experiential learning. Multiple experiential learning opportunities were identified, including activities to develop knowledge and skills; conduct research; collaborate with an interprofessional team; create patient education resources; provide patient and healthcare education; provide comprehensive care; develop evidence-based medicine skills, including the use of PGx resources; address ethical, legal, and social implications of PGx, and leadership. Pharmacogenomics clinics offer valuable experiential learning opportunities for pharmacy education. Collaboration between healthcare and higher education institutions is essential to create these opportunities, ensuring the development of pharmacists who are prepared to meet future healthcare needs.

精准医疗（Precision Medicine）是医疗健康领域的未来发展方向，药剂师在药物基因组学（pharmacogenomics, PGx）领域具备得天独厚的优势，可发挥关键作用。体验式学习（experiential learning）可为学习者提供参与临床药物基因组学实践的宝贵实操机会。本研究旨在探究药学教育中药物基因组学相关的体验式学习机遇。研究选取美国境内四家提供药物基因组学服务的诊所开展观察，以评估其开展体验式学习的潜力。研究通过观察药物基因组学诊所的咨询流程，以及对四家诊所各一名药剂师开展半结构化访谈，收集质性数据。该研究方法有助于深入了解药物基因组学诊所中可供体验式学习的实践型学习场景。本次研究共识别出多项体验式学习机遇，涵盖知识与技能培养、科研实践、跨专业团队协作、患者教育资源开发、患者与医疗健康宣教、全流程照护、循证医学技能提升（含药物基因组学资源应用）、应对药物基因组学相关伦理、法律与社会议题，以及领导力培养等内容。药物基因组学诊所可为药学教育提供极具价值的体验式学习场景。医疗健康机构与高等院校的协同合作是打造此类学习机遇的核心前提，有助于培养能够适应未来医疗健康需求的合格药剂师。