Baseline and clinical characteristics of the studied population.

*these individuals were not infected at the moment of blood collection but recorded as having previously mild malaria; Controls were healthy individuals with no history of previous malaria; For some statistical analysis we have grouped clinical malaria patients, asymptomatic infected individuals and individuals with previous history of malaria (any_malaria group) and clinical malaria patients previous history of mild malaria (clinical_malaria group).此类受试者在采血当下未受感染，但既往曾被记录有轻症疟疾病史；对照组为无疟疾既往病史的健康个体。在部分统计分析中，我们将临床疟疾患者、无症状感染者及有疟疾既往史的受试者归为any_malaria组（any_malaria group），将既往有轻症疟疾病史的临床疟疾患者归为clinical_malaria组（clinical_malaria group）。