Table_1_Evaluation of the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Undernutrition in Hospitalized Dogs.DOCX

Hospitalized dogs are predisposed to undernutrition, which can potentially affect outcome. This study evaluated the prevalence of undernutrition in hospitalized dogs (measured as loss of body condition score, BCS and body weight, BW) and studied the risk factors that affect nutritional status, and outcome (discharge or death). Data was collected prospectively during 9 months from 500 hospitalized dogs with a hospitalization length longer than 24 h in a veterinary teaching hospital in Spain. The BCS and BW changes were modeled using multiple linear regression and outcome was modeled using logistic regression. The risk factors studied were energy intake, hospitalization length, initial BW and BCS, age, sex, severity of clinical signs, department of admission, fasting or nutritional interventions, and the presence of anorexia, vomiting or diarrhea at admission. Most of the dogs (84.0%) consumed less than 25% of their energy requirements and only 3.4% of the dogs met these requirements. The majority of hospitalized dogs maintained their BCS (78.2%) and BW (77%) during hospitalization. Older patients (P = 0.040), higher initial BCS (P < 0.001), and vomiting at admission (P = 0.030) were associated with a decrease of BCS status during hospitalization. BCS was also decreased in patients with low energy intake, particularly in patients with hospitalization length longer than 3 days (P < 0.001). Both longer hospitalization length (P < 0.001) and vomiting at admission (P = 0.004) were also associated with a decrease in BW. Dogs that consumed their theoretical energy requirements [P < 0.001; Odds Ratio (OR) 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98], and had a higher initial BCS (P < 0.001; OR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.63) had a lower odds of dying. Anorexia at admission (P < 0.001; OR 5.67, 95% CI: 2.23 to 15.47) was associated with a higher risk of death. The results from this study support the finding that undernutrition is relatively common during hospitalization, with age, hospitalization length, decreased energy intake, and vomiting at admission as risk factors for undernutrition. Furthermore, an association was found between inadequate energy intake and death.

住院犬只易出现营养不良，而该状况可能对转归产生不良影响。本研究评估了住院犬只营养不良的患病率（以体况评分（Body Condition Score, BCS）与体重（Body Weight, BW）下降作为衡量指标），并分析了影响营养状况及转归（出院或死亡）的危险因素。研究于西班牙某兽医学院教学医院开展，前瞻性收集了9个月内500例住院时长超过24小时的住院犬只数据。本研究采用多重线性回归分析BCS与体重的变化情况，采用逻辑回归分析转归情况。本次研究所分析的危险因素包括能量摄入、住院时长、初始体重与初始体况评分、年龄、性别、临床症状严重程度、收治科室、禁食或营养干预措施，以及入院时是否存在厌食、呕吐或腹泻症状。多数犬只（84.0%）的能量摄入不足其能量需求的25%，仅3.4%的犬只达到了能量需求标准。多数住院犬只在住院期间维持了体况评分（78.2%）与体重（77%）的稳定。老年犬只（P=0.040）、初始体况评分较高者（P<0.001）以及入院时存在呕吐症状者（P=0.030），其住院期间体况评分出现下降的风险更高。能量摄入较低的犬只也易出现体况评分下降，其中住院时长超过3天的犬只尤为显著（P<0.001）。住院时长较长（P<0.001）以及入院时存在呕吐症状（P=0.004）均与体重下降相关。达到理论能量摄入需求的犬只[P<0.001；优势比（Odds Ratio, OR）0.95，95%置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）0.92~0.98]以及初始体况评分较高者（P<0.001；OR 0.39，95%CI 0.22~0.63）的死亡风险更低。入院时存在厌食症状者（P<0.001；OR 5.67，95%CI 2.23~15.47）的死亡风险更高。本研究结果证实，住院期间营养不良的发生相对普遍，年龄、住院时长、能量摄入不足以及入院时呕吐均为营养不良的危险因素。此外，本研究还发现能量摄入不足与死亡风险存在相关性。