Data_Sheet_1_Enhanced accumulation of phenolics in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds upon foliar application of selenate or zinc oxide.docx

BackgroundSelenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential antioxidant enzyme cofactors. Foliar Se/Zn application is a highly effective method of plant biofortification. However, little is known about the effect of such applications on the concentration of trace elements and phytochemicals with pro-oxidant or antioxidant activity in pea (Pisum sativum L.).
MethodsA 2-year pot experiment (2014/2015) was conducted to examine the response of two pea varieties (Ambassador and Premium) to foliar-administered sodium selenate (0/50/100 g Se/ha) and zinc oxide (0/375/750 g Zn/ha) at the flowering stage. Concentrations of selected trace elements (Fe, Cu, and Mn), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP) of seeds were determined.
Results and conclusionsSe/Zn treatments did not improve the concentration of trace elements, while they generally enhanced TPC. Among examined treatments, the highest TPC was found in Ambassador (from 2014) treated with 100 g Se/ha and 750 g Zn/ha (2,926 and 3,221 mg/100 g DW, respectively) vs. the control (1,737 mg/100 g DW). In addition, 50 g of Se/ha increased TFC vs. the control (261 vs. 151 mg/100 g DW) in Premium (from 2014), 750 g of Zn/ha increased ABTS vs. the control (25.2 vs. 59.5 mg/100 g DW) in Ambassador (from 2015), and 50 g of Se/ha increased FRAP vs. the control (26.6 vs. 18.0 mmol/100 g DW) in Ambassador (from 2015). In linear multivariable regression models, Zn, Mn, Cu, and TPC best explained ABTS (R = 0.577), while Se, Cu, and TPC best explained the FRAP findings (R = 0.696). This study highlights the potential of foliar biofortification with trace elements for producing pea/pea products rich in bioactive plant metabolites beneficial for human health.

**背景**：硒（Selenium, Se）与锌（Zinc, Zn）是生物体内必需的抗氧化酶辅因子。叶面喷施硒/锌是开展植物生物强化的高效手段。然而，目前关于此类喷施手段对豌豆（*Pisum sativum* L.）中微量元素以及具备促氧化或抗氧化活性的植物化学物浓度的影响，相关研究尚不多见。

**方法**：本研究于2014/2015年开展了为期2年的盆栽试验，以探究两个豌豆品种（Ambassador与Premium）在开花期对叶面喷施硒酸钠（施用量设为0、50、100 g Se/ha）与氧化锌（施用量设为0、375、750 g Zn/ha）的响应。研究人员测定了豌豆种子中选定微量元素（铁Fe、铜Cu、锰Mn）的含量、总酚含量（total phenolic content, TPC）、总黄酮含量（total flavonoid content, TFC）以及总抗氧化活性——包括2,2'-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)法（ABTS）与铁还原抗氧化能力法（FRAP）的测定结果。

**结果与结论**：硒/锌复合处理并未提升豌豆种子中微量元素的含量，但总体上可提高其总酚含量。在所有受试处理中，2014年收获的Ambassador品种经100 g Se/ha与750 g Zn/ha喷施后的总酚含量最高，分别为2926 mg/100 g干重（DW）与3221 mg/100 g DW，显著高于对照组的1737 mg/100 g DW。此外，2014年收获的Premium品种经50 g Se/ha喷施后，总黄酮含量较对照组显著提升（261 mg/100 g DW vs. 151 mg/100 g DW）；2015年收获的Ambassador品种经750 g Zn/ha喷施后，ABTS抗氧化活性较对照组提升（25.2 mg/100 g DW vs. 59.5 mg/100 g DW）；2015年收获的Ambassador品种经50 g Se/ha喷施后，FRAP抗氧化活性较对照组提升（26.6 mmol/100 g DW vs. 18.0 mmol/100 g DW）。在线性多元回归模型中，锌、锰、铜与总酚含量可最佳解释ABTS抗氧化活性的变化（R=0.577），而硒、铜与总酚含量可最佳解释FRAP抗氧化活性的变化（R=0.696）。本研究凸显了叶面微量元素生物强化技术的应用潜力，可为生产富含对人体健康有益的植物活性代谢物的豌豆及豌豆制品提供支撑。