Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)

The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) focuses on the evolution of the magnetic environment in the Sun’s atmosphere, and its interaction with embedded and surrounding plasma. The AIA investigation covers a broad range of science objectives that focus on five core research themes that both advance solar and heliospheric physics in general and provide advanced warning of coronal and inner-heliospheric disturbances of interest to the Living With a Star (LWS) program, i.e., global change, space weather, human exploration of space, and technological infrastructure in space and on Earth.

AIA provides the following essential capabilities: i) A view of the entire Sun in 4k x 4k resolution (pixel size of 0.6 arcseconds), with full thermal coverage of the corona; ii) A high signal-to-noise ratio for two- to three-second exposures that reaches 100 in quiescent conditions for the low-temperature coronal-imaging channels and during flaring in the higher-temperature channels, with a dynamic range of up to 10,000; iii) Essentially uninterrupted viewing for months at a temporal cadence of 12 seconds in seven extreme UV (EUV) band passes (94, 131, 171, 193, 211, 304 and 335 Å), and 24 seconds for two UV channels (1600 and 1700 Å) band passes; iv) In special observing modes, AIA can capture images of the Sun at higher cadence while keeping within the instrument allocated telemetry by using a subset of bandpass channels, and/or using a crop table.

太阳动力学观测卫星（SDO）搭载的太阳大气成像阵列（AIA）专注于研究太阳大气中磁场环境的演化及其与嵌入和周围等离子体的相互作用。AIA的调查涵盖了广泛的科学目标，这些目标聚焦于五个核心研究主题，不仅普遍推进了太阳和日球物理学，而且为“与恒星共存”（LWS）项目提供了对冕层和内日球层中感兴趣的冕层扰动和内部日球层扰动的预警，即全球变化、太空天气、太空探索以及太空和地球上的技术基础设施。

AIA提供了以下基本功能：i）以4k x 4k分辨率（像素大小为0.6角秒）展示整个太阳的视图，实现对冕层的全面热覆盖；ii）对于两到三秒的曝光，具有高信噪比，在静止条件下对低温冕层成像通道达到100，在爆发时对高温通道达到100，动态范围高达10,000；iii）在七种极端紫外线（EUV）波段（94, 131, 171, 193, 211, 304和335 Å）中，以12秒的时间间隔进行几乎不间断的观测，对于两个紫外线通道（1600和1700 Å）波段，以24秒的时间间隔进行观测；iv）在特殊的观测模式下，AIA可以通过使用波段通道的子集，以及/或者使用裁剪表，在保持仪器分配的遥测数据量不变的情况下，以更高的时间间隔捕获太阳图像。