Table_1_Physiological demands of racket sports: a systematic review.docx

The practice of racket sports has had an exponential growth in the last decade, along with it, the scientific interest in researching the different disciplines: badminton, padel, table tennis, tennis, and squash. However, most research has focused on the technical and tactical field. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze and compare the indicators of the internal load of each sport: heart rate (HR), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), oxygen consumption (VO2), and lactate (LA) in order to reset physiological references to adjust the training of the players and also use these references to propose the practice of these sports for healthy purposes to the general population. PRISMA Guidelines for Systematic Review were used to search for articles that met the inclusion criteria in three databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, and Sportdiscus. The search was performed between January 2010, and September 2022. Finally, a total 27 records were included for analysis in this study. The main findings were related to the differences in the intensity rates between sports. The highest lactate concentrations and heart values were found in badminton in the intensity of effort values (whose highest values were found in badminton) 10.11 (±4.99) mmol/L and 182.6 (±2.7) bpm respectively, whereas table tennis showed the lowest ones 1.2 (± 0.4) mmol/L, and 103.99 (±15.09) bpm, respectively. The highest mean VO2 was found in table tennis with a value of 36.8 (±13.2) ml/kg/min and the lowest in tennis with a value of 26.6 (±2.7) ml/kg/min. The highest VO2max was found in tennis players 58.0 (±4.6) ml/kg/min, and the lowest value was in table tennis with a value of 42.9 (±4.2) ml/kg/min. Since most of the studies were carried out on elite men players, future research should focus on amateur and women level players.

近十年来，持拍类体育运动（racket sports）的开展规模呈指数级增长，学界对其下设各分支项目——羽毛球、板式网球（padel）、乒乓球、网球及壁球——的研究兴趣也随之高涨。然而当前绝大多数相关研究均聚焦于技术与战术领域。有鉴于此，本综述旨在分析并对比各持拍运动的内部负荷指标：心率（heart rate, HR）、最大摄氧量（maximum oxygen consumption, VO2max）、摄氧量（oxygen consumption, VO2）及乳酸（lactate, LA），以期更新生理参考基准以优化运动员训练方案，同时依托这些参考标准面向普通大众推广上述运动的健康健身价值。本研究遵循系统评价首选报告条目（PRISMA Guidelines for Systematic Review）规范，在Web of Science、Pubmed及Sportdiscus三大数据库中检索符合纳入标准的文献，检索时间范围为2010年1月至2022年9月。最终共纳入27篇文献用于本研究的分析。本研究的核心发现聚焦于各运动项目间的运动强度差异：在运动强度维度下，羽毛球的乳酸浓度与心率指标均为最高，分别为10.11（±4.99）mmol/L与182.6（±2.7）次/分钟；而乒乓球的相关指标最低，分别为1.2（±0.4）mmol/L与103.99（±15.09）次/分钟。乒乓球的平均摄氧量最高，为36.8（±13.2）ml/kg/min，网球的平均摄氧量最低，为26.6（±2.7）ml/kg/min。网球运动员的最大摄氧量最高，为58.0（±4.6）ml/kg/min，而乒乓球运动员的最大摄氧量最低，为42.9（±4.2）ml/kg/min。由于现有研究多针对男子精英运动员开展，未来研究应聚焦于业余运动员及女子运动员群体。