Induction of sublethal effects for the characterization of Olive groves under different pest management systems

Abstract Currently, olive grove management in Spain responds to the three following clearly differentiated systems in order of decreasing area: Conventional Management (70%), Integrated Pest Management (IPM) (26%) and Ecological Management (4%) systems. These are characterized by a decreasing dependence on synthetic insecticides and by different soil tillage intensities. They are also subject to different subside regulations and application regimen by the government, so their adequate characterization represents a factor of increasing importance, which is the object of this work.During the years 2017 and 2018, olive groves corresponding to the three types of management were selected, in which two series of plots were established. In one series, Dimethoate 40® was applied, considering plots of the second series as control. After insecticide application, beneficial insects were monitored through the use of chromatic traps.The results allow elucidating two clearly different behavioral patterns in beneficial insects, depending on the use of insecticides: Conventional and IPM management, where repellency reaction is manifested, absent in the Ecological Management. Aspects about the induction of sublethal effects for the characterization of the different pest management systems are discussed.

摘要 目前西班牙橄榄园管理按种植面积从大到小分为三类差异显著的管理模式：常规管理（70%）、有害生物综合治理（Integrated Pest Management，IPM）（26%）与生态管理（4%）。三类模式的特点依次为对合成杀虫剂的依赖程度逐步降低，且土壤耕作强度各不相同。同时三类模式受政府不同的补贴规定与施用规程约束，因此对其进行充分表征的重要性日益凸显，这也是本研究的目标所在。
2017年与2018年间，研究人员选取对应三类管理模式的橄榄园，并设置两组试验小区。其中一组试验小区施用乐果40®（Dimethoate 40®），另一组作为对照组。杀虫剂施用后，研究人员借助色诱陷阱对益虫进行监测。
研究结果明确揭示了益虫的两类显著不同的行为模式，与杀虫剂使用情况相关：常规管理与IPM管理模式下会出现驱避反应，而生态管理模式中则无此现象。本研究还探讨了亚致死效应诱导在不同有害生物管理系统表征中的相关问题。