Data_Sheet_1_Effect of TGF-β3 on wound healing of bone cell monolayer in static and hydrodynamic shear stress conditions.docx

IntroductionWound healing is characterized as a complicated and sophisticated biological process through which tissue heals and repairs itself after injury. However, the normal wound healing process relies on different growth factors as well as the presence of an accurate cytokine level to ensure appropriate cellular responses. In the case of wound healing, the effects of various growth factors have been studied, but the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) on wound healing have been found to be more significant because of its broad spectrum of impacts on healing the wounded tissues or skins.
MethodsIn the current study, the impact of TGF-β3 in bone cells’ wound healing was examined in vitro. Furthermore, the activities and characteristics of TGF-β3, as well as those of related growth factors throughout this wound healing process, were studied under hydrodynamic shear stress conditions as well as static conditions of cultured bone cells.
ResultsWe demonstrated that a positive outcome of TGF-β3 treatment was found after 24 h under a static condition, while TGF-β3 treatment was found to be effective under a dynamic condition for wound closure. In the case of the dynamic condition, a full wound closure was obtained after 18 h in both the control and TGF-β3 treatment, while in the case of static conditions, wounds were found to remain open, even after 24 h, for both the control and TGF-β3 treatment. Additionally, in the static condition, the wound closure rate with TGF-β3 treatment was found to be quicker than that of the control flask, which implies that wound healing can be postponed in the static condition. In the dynamic condition, the wound healing process became more rapid in a cultured cell environment.
ConclusionThe synergistic effect of TGF-β3 and hydrodynamic shear stress conditions had a positive impact on increasing wound healing and improving the rate of wound closure.

引言
伤口愈合是一种复杂且精密的生物学过程，指组织在受损伤后进行自我修复与愈合的过程。然而，正常的伤口愈合过程依赖于多种生长因子以及精准的细胞因子水平，以保障恰当的细胞应答反应。针对伤口愈合，已有诸多研究探讨了不同生长因子的作用，但转化生长因子β（transforming growth factor beta, TGF-β）对伤口愈合的影响更为显著，因其对受损组织或皮肤的修复具有广泛的调控作用。

方法
本研究体外考察了转化生长因子β3（transforming growth factor beta 3, TGF-β3）对骨细胞伤口愈合的影响。此外，本研究还在流体剪切应力条件与培养骨细胞的静态条件下，探究了TGF-β3及相关生长因子在该伤口愈合过程中的活性与特征。

结果
我们发现，在静态条件下经24小时处理后，TGF-β3处理组呈现出积极的愈合效果；而在动态条件下，TGF-β3处理可有效促进伤口闭合。动态条件下，对照组与TGF-β3处理组均在18小时后实现完全伤口闭合；而静态条件下，对照组与TGF-β3处理组的伤口即使在24小时后仍未闭合。此外，静态条件下TGF-β3处理组的伤口闭合速度快于对照培养瓶组，这表明静态环境会延缓伤口愈合。动态条件下，培养细胞环境中的伤口愈合进程显著加快。

结论
TGF-β3与流体剪切应力条件具有协同效应，可有效促进伤口愈合并提升伤口闭合速率。