Table_1_The Effect of Lexical Cohort Size Is Independent of Semantic Context Effects in a Picture–Word Interference Task: A Combined ERP and sLORETA Study.docx

Lexical cohort size is known to play an important role in the magnitude of semantic interference during picture naming in continuous and blocking naming tasks. Nevertheless, whether and how lexical cohort size influences semantic context effects in a picture–word interference (PWI) task remains unclear. To address this issue, participants were required to name pictures, which were paired with both semantically related and unrelated distractors, from both large and small lexical cohorts while electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded. Behavior results showed a semantic interference effect but no interaction between semantic relatedness and lexical cohort size in naming latencies. ERPs and correlation analyses revealed that semantic interference effects occurred at the lexical level in the time windows of 200–400 and 400–600 ms, and lexical cohort size effects occurred at the conceptual level in the time window of 100–200 ms and at the lexical level in the time windows of 200–400 ms. Critically, no interaction between two variables was found, reflecting that lexical cohort size is independent of semantic interference for categorical relations in the PWI. sLORETA results found stronger brain activations for large lexical cohorts at the left superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus in the time interval of 250–300 ms, which may relate to lexical selection and self-monitoring. Our findings provide evidence for the swinging lexical network rather than the response exclusion hypothesis in spoken production.

词汇群集大小（lexical cohort size）在连续命名与阻断命名任务的图片命名过程中，对语义干扰效应的强度发挥着重要作用。然而，在图片-词语干扰（PWI）任务中，词汇群集大小是否以及如何影响语义语境效应，目前仍未有定论。为厘清这一问题，本研究在同步记录脑电图（EEG）信号的条件下，要求被试对来自大、小词汇群集的图片进行命名，这些图片分别搭配语义相关与无关的干扰词。行为学结果显示存在语义干扰效应，但在命名反应时指标上未发现语义关联性与词汇群集大小之间存在交互作用。事件相关电位（ERPs）与相关分析结果表明，语义干扰效应出现于200~400 ms和400~600 ms时间窗口的词汇加工层面；而词汇群集大小效应则分别出现在100~200 ms时间窗口的概念加工层面，以及200~400 ms时间窗口的词汇加工层面。尤为关键的是，本研究未发现两个变量间存在交互作用，这反映出在图片-词语干扰任务的范畴性关系中，词汇群集大小与语义干扰相互独立。标准化低分辨率脑电磁层析成像（sLORETA）结果显示，在250~300 ms的时间区间内，大词汇群集条件下左侧颞上回与额下回的脑激活更强，这一现象可能与词汇选择及自我监控过程相关。本研究结果为口语产生领域的摆动词汇网络（swinging lexical network）理论而非反应排除假说（response exclusion hypothesis）提供了实验证据。