Scenarios simulations of Prague (TURBAN-D05)

Basic information This dataset contains simulation results for the so-called Holešovičky domain, an area in the city of Prague, Czech Republic, expected to undergo major traffic infrastructure changes in the near future. Three scenarios were modelled: current infrastructure with traffic intensity projections for 2023 (C1), future outlook with a finished part of city inner ring-road in 2030 (C2) and effect of finishing the northern part of the Prague outer ring-road (C3), which will decrease heavy traffic in the domain. Note that all scenarios have slightly different landcover (trees, buildings, bridges, tunnels etc.), so there could be small areas containing NA values in the maps and GIS files. All times are in UTC (local time, CEST is UTC +02:00). For more detailed description of the experiments see the TURBAN project website at https://www.project-turban.eu/. General organisation Each scenario has two folders; post-processed results from the PALM model as averaged ASCII files that can be viewed in many GIS applications (output-gis) and maps in the PNG format (output-png). Each variable was averaged from original 10min values to 1, 3 and 24-hour averages. The C1 scenario was used as a baseline. In addition to that, also differences for all variables were calculated for the scenarios C2 and C3. In total, the C1 scenario has 3 subfolders with absolute values (prefix abs), the scenarios C2 and C3 have 6 (3 with absolute values and 3 with differences; prefix diff). Modelled variables Each subfolder includes 7 subfolders with variables. Variable bio_mrt is the Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), bio_pet is the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), bio_utci is the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), kc_PM10_02m is the concentration of PM10 at 2m above ground, theta_2m is the potential temperature at 2m above ground, tsurf is the surface temperature and wspeed_10m is the wind speed at 10m above ground. File nomenclature Each file (PRJ or ASC, PNG) has the same nomenclature. An example (bio_utci_abs-01h_20190724_1200-1300.png) could be parsed as: variable name (bio_utci), processed output (abs-01h), date (20190724) and averaged period (1200-1300). So, the result is a map with hourly averaged UTCI for 24 Jul 2019 between 12:00 and 13:00 UTC. Important note During the processing phase a few potentially important problems were identified and need to be analysed in detail. One of them are extremely overestimated concentrations due to stable conditions from boundary condition inputs. In certain situations it can happen that the best regional meteorological model can provide inappropriate input conditions for some episode. This needs to be checked in detail before any following interpretation. Acknowledgements The PALM simulations, and pre- and postprocessing were performed partially on the HPC infrastructure of the Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences (ICS), supported by the long-term strategic development financing of the ICS (RVO:67985807) and partially on the IT4I HPC infrastructure supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through the e-INFRA CZ (ID:90254). The work was performed within the project TURBAN (TO01000219; TURBAN – Turbulent-resolving urban modelling of air quality and thermal comfort) supported by Norway Grants and Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.基本信息 本数据集包含所谓的霍莱绍维奇（Holešovičky）区域的模拟结果，该区域位于捷克共和国布拉格市，预计近期将进行重大交通基础设施改造。本次建模共设置三个场景：2023年交通强度预测下的现有基础设施场景（C1）、2030年城市内环道路部分路段完工的未来展望场景（C2），以及布拉格外环路北段完工的场景（C3），该场景将降低该区域的重型交通流量。需注意，所有场景的土地覆被（树木、建筑、桥梁、隧道等）均存在细微差异，因此地图与GIS文件中可能存在少量包含NA值的区域。所有时间均采用UTC时区（当地使用中欧夏令时CEST，即UTC+02:00）。 如需了解实验的详细说明，请访问TURBAN项目官网：https://www.project-turban.eu/。 整体组织形式 每个场景对应两个文件夹：一是可在多数GIS应用中查看的PALM模型（PALM model）后处理平均ASCII文件（对应output-gis文件夹），二是PNG格式的地图文件（对应output-png文件夹）。所有变量均由原始10分钟采样值计算得到1小时、3小时及24小时的平均数据。场景C1被用作基准场景。此外，还针对场景C2与C3计算了所有变量的差值结果。整体而言，场景C1包含3个存储绝对值数据的子文件夹（前缀为abs）；场景C2与C3则各包含6个子文件夹，其中3个存储绝对值数据，3个存储差值数据（前缀为diff）。 建模变量 每个子文件夹均包含7个存储不同变量的子文件夹。变量bio_mrt代表平均辐射温度（Mean Radiant Temperature，MRT），bio_pet代表生理等效温度（Physiological Equivalent Temperature，PET），bio_utci代表通用热气候指数（Universal Thermal Climate Index，UTCI），kc_PM10_02m代表地面以上2米处的PM10浓度，theta_2m代表地面以上2米处的位温，tsurf代表地表温度，wspeed_10m代表地面以上10米处的风速。 文件命名规则 所有文件（PRJ、ASC或PNG格式）均采用统一的命名规则。以示例文件bio_utci_abs-01h_20190724_1200-1300.png为例，其各部分解析如下：变量名（bio_utci）、处理类型（abs-01h，代表绝对值与1小时平均）、日期（20190724，即2019年7月24日）以及平均时段（1200-1300，即UTC时间12:00至13:00）。即该文件为2019年7月24日UTC时段12:00至13:00的1小时平均UTCI地图。 重要说明 在处理阶段已发现若干潜在的重要问题，需进行详细分析。其中之一便是由于边界条件输入的稳定状态导致浓度被严重高估。在某些情况下，即便采用顶尖的区域气象模型，也可能为特定时段提供不合适的输入条件。在开展后续解读前，需对该问题进行详细核查。 致谢 PALM模型的模拟以及前后处理工作，部分依托捷克科学院计算机科学研究所（ICS）的高性能计算（HPC）基础设施完成，该设施获得了ICS长期战略发展资金（项目编号：RVO:67985807）的支持；部分依托IT4I高性能计算基础设施完成，该设施由捷克教育、青年与体育部通过e-INFRA CZ项目（项目编号：ID:90254）资助。本研究工作在TURBAN项目（项目编号：TO01000219，全称为Turbulent-resolving urban modelling of air quality and thermal comfort，即湍流解析的城市空气质量与热舒适建模）框架下开展，该项目由挪威资助基金与捷克技术局联合支持。