Data from: Geographic differentiation of domesticated einkorn wheat and possible Neolithic migration routes

To analyse the spread of domesticated einkorn into Europe, 136 landraces, 9 wild einkorns and 3 Triticum urartu were fingerprinted by the diversity array technology sequence (DArT-seq) marker technology. The obtained 3455 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers confirmed earlier results about the separation of wild and domesticated einkorn from T. urartu and about the pinpointing of the domesticated forms to the Karacadağ Mountains (Turkey). Further analyses identified two major domesticated landrace einkorn groups, one relating to the Prealpine region and the other to the Maghreb/Iberian region. The previously published four geographical provenance groups were mostly identified in our results. The earlier reported unique position of the Maghreb/Iberia einkorns cannot be confirmed, as the three landrace clusters we identified with STRUCTURE also occur in the remaining einkorn, although at different frequencies. The results are discussed with respect to the spreading of domesticated einkorn into Western Europe and two possible Neolithic migration routes are indicated.

为解析驯化一粒小麦向欧洲的传播路径，本研究利用多样性阵列技术测序（Diversity Array Technology sequence, DArT-seq）标记技术，对136份驯化一粒小麦地方品种、9份野生一粒小麦及3份乌拉尔图小麦（Triticum urartu）进行了指纹图谱分析。本研究获得的3455个单核苷酸多态性（single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP）标记，验证了此前的研究结论：野生与驯化一粒小麦可与乌拉尔图小麦区分开来，且驯化类群的起源地可精确指向土耳其卡拉达格山脉（Karacadağ Mountains）。进一步分析鉴定出两大驯化一粒小麦地方品种类群，一类与前阿尔卑斯地区相关，另一类则对应马格里布/伊比利亚地区。本研究结果大多验证了此前已发表的4个地理起源类群划分。此前报道的马格里布/伊比利亚一粒小麦的独特演化位置未得到证实——本研究通过STRUCTURE软件鉴定出的3个地方品种聚类群，在其余一粒小麦材料中也有分布，仅频率存在差异。本研究结合驯化一粒小麦向西欧的传播路径对结果展开讨论，并提出了两条潜在的新石器时代迁移路径。