Table 1_Global, regional and national patterns and gender disparity of intraocular foreign bodies from 1990 to 2021.doc

PurposeTo describe and evaluate the gender and socioeconomic disparities in the global burden of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) from 1990 to 2021.
MethodsGender-specific prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IOFBs by year, age, geography and socioeconomic status were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test and linear regression analysis to research the relationship between the age-standardized DALYs rate and gender difference (males minus females) and Socio-demographic Index (SDI).
ResultsThe total all-age prevalence and DALYs due to IOFBs rose by 41.9 and 35.5%, respectively, from 1990 to 2021, and the age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rates decreased by 15.2 and 19.6%. The IOFBs burden was greater among middle-aged and older adult men, especially in 45–49 years. The burden of IOFBs was concentrated in countries of Western Europe, East Asia, High-income North America and Southern Latin America. The age-standardized DALYs rates of males were significantly higher than those of females in all five SDI groups (p < 0.001) in 2021. Pearson’s correlations (r = 0.3093, p < 0.001) and linear regression (Y = 4.850*X − 1.857) revealed a significant positive association between gender differences and SDI. The increase in the all-age DALYs of IOFBs was lowest compared with other eye diseases in GBD 2021. The IOFBs had the greatest gender-related differences compared with other eye disorders.
ConclusionThe burden of IOFBs is higher among men in terms of age, region, and SDI categories. Male workers in regions with higher SDI should receive more attention. Measures are needed to improve eye protection and reduce eye injuries among males in the workplace.

研究目的：旨在描述并评估1990年至2021年间全球眼内异物（intraocular foreign bodies, IOFBs）负担的性别与社会经济差异。
研究方法：从2021年全球疾病负担研究（Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, GBD 2021）中提取不同年份、年龄组、地理区域及社会经济地位下，眼内异物的性别特异性患病率与伤残调整寿命年（disability-adjusted life years, DALYs）。采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验与线性回归分析，探究年龄标化伤残调整寿命年率与性别差异（男性减女性分值）及社会人口学指数（Socio-demographic Index, SDI）之间的关联。
研究结果：1990年至2021年间，眼内异物的全年龄段总患病率与伤残调整寿命年分别上升41.9%与35.5%，而年龄标化患病率与伤残调整寿命年率分别下降15.2%与19.6%。眼内异物负担在中老年男性群体中更为显著，尤以45~49岁年龄段为甚。眼内异物负担主要集中于西欧、东亚、高收入北美及拉美南部国家。2021年，所有5个社会人口学指数分组中，男性的年龄标化伤残调整寿命年率均显著高于女性（p<0.001）。Pearson相关分析（r=0.3093, p<0.001）与线性回归模型（Y=4.850*X−1.857）显示，性别差异与社会人口学指数之间存在显著正相关关联。相较于2021年全球疾病负担研究中的其他眼部疾病，眼内异物的全年龄段伤残调整寿命年增幅最低，且与其他眼部疾病相比，眼内异物的性别相关差异最为显著。
研究结论：无论按年龄、地域还是社会人口学指数分组，男性群体的眼内异物负担均更高。社会人口学指数较高地区的男性劳动者应获得更多关注。需采取相关措施改善职场男性的眼部防护状况，降低眼部损伤发生率。