Australia’s east coast humpback whales: satellite tag derived movements on breeding grounds, feeding grounds and along the northern and southern migration

Satellite tags were deployed on 48 east Australian humpback whales (breeding stock E1) in 2008, 2009 and 2010 on their southward migration, northward migration and feeding grounds in order to identify and describe migratory pathways, feeding grounds and possible calving areas. At the time, these movements were not well understood and calving grounds not clearly identified. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset details all long-term tag deployments that have occurred to date on breeding stock E1. Satellite tags were deployed on whales in the following locations:•    Eden, southern NSW (Australia), October 2008: whales were tagged off Eden during their southern migration.•    Evans Head, northern NSW (Australia), June and July 2009: whales were tagged off Evans Head during their northern migration.•    East Antarctica, February 2010: whales were tagged on their feeding grounds within IWC Management Area V.•    Sunshine Coast, QLD (Australia), October 2010: whales were tagged off the Sunshine Coast during their southern migration.The various files in the download are:Argos locations generated by tagging of East Australian (breeding stock E1) humpback whaleThis file contains all Argos locations generated by satellite tags deployed on humpback whales. Deployment details can be found separately (dataset title: 'Summary of satellite tag deployments on breeding stock E1 humpback whales'). Locations were calculated by Argos using a least-squares analysis. Columns are: Argos PTT: The unique satellite tag identification number. GMT: The date and time (dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm) of each Argos location in UTC. Argos location class: The location class retrieved from Argos, Argos diagnostic data. Classes are based on the type of location (Argos Doppler Shift) and the number of messages received during the satellite pass. Location classes in order of decreasing accuracy are 3, 2, 1, 0, A, B and Z (definition from Argos User's Manual V1.6.6, 2016). Longitude: The longitude of the Argos location estimate. Units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system. Latitude: The latitude of the Argos location estimate. Units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system.Speed-distance-angle filter applied to Argos locations generated by tagging of East Australian (breeding stock E1) humpback whale.This file contains all Argos locations generated by satellite tags deployed on humpback whales. Deployment details can be found separately (dataset title: 'Summary of satellite tag deployments on breeding stock E1 humpback whales'). Locations were calculated by Argos using a least-squares analysis. Additionally, this file contains a column detailing the outcome of the application of the sdafilter - an algorithm based on swimming speed, distance between successive locations, and turning angles to remove unlikely position estimates (speed of 10 ms , spike angles of 15° and 25°, spike lengths of 2500m and 5000m; Freitas et al. 2008). Freitas C, Lydersen C, Fedak M, Kovacs K (2008) A simple new algorithm for filtering marine mammal Argos locations. Marine Mammal Science 24 (2): 315‑325. Columns are: Argos PTT: The unique satellite tag identification number. GMT: The date and time (dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm) of each Argos location in UTC. Argos location class: The location class retrieved from Argos, Argos diagnostic data. Classes are based on the type of location (Argos Doppler Shift) and the number of messages received during the satellite pass. Location classes in order of decreasing accuracy are 3, 2, 1, 0, A, B and Z (definition from Argos User's Manual V1.6.6, 2016). Longitude: The longitude of the Argos location estimate. Units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system. Latitude: The latitude of the Argos location estimate. Units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system. Argosfilter outcome: The result of the Argos sdafilter - "removed" (location removed by the filter), "not" (location not removed) and "end_location" (location at the end of the track where the algorithm could not be applied).State-space model location estimates of satellite tagged East Australian (breeding stock E1) humpback whales.Using the raw Argos tracking data set (Dataset name: Argos locations generated by tagging of East Australian (breeding stock E1) humpback whale), we accounted for the spatial error associated with Argos locations by fitting a correlated random walk state-space model to generate a location estimate at each observed location time. Within this state-space model, we applied the sdafilter to remove unlikely position estimates (speed of 10 ms, spike angles of 15° and 25°, spike lengths of 2500m and 5000m). See: Jonsen ID, Grecian WJ, Phillips L, Carroll G, McMahon C, Harcourt RG, Hindell MA, Patterson TA (2023) aniMotum, an R package for animal movement data: Rapid quality control, behavioural estimation and simulation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 14(3): 806‑816. This dataset contains the state-space modelled location estimates of tagged east Australian humpback whales. Associated tag deployment details can be found separately (dataset title: 'Summary of satellite tag deployments on breeding stock E1 humpback whales'). The columns are: Argos PTT: The unique satellite tag identification number. GMT: The date and time (dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm) of each state-space model location estimate in UTC. Longitude: The longitude of the state-space model location estimate. Units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system. Latitude: The latitude of the state-space model location estimate. Units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system.Summary of satellite tag deployments on breeding stock E1 humpback whalesA summary of satellite tag deployments on breeding stock E1 humpback whales. Argos PTT = the unique tag identification number; Deploy year = year of deployment; Deploy date = date of deployment; End date = date of final transmitted location; Tracking duration = duration of tag deployment from tag deployment date to last location date; Deploy location = broad geographic location where satellite tag was deployed; Deploy latitude = tag deployment latitude; Deploy longitude = tag deployment longitude; Stage of annual cycle upon deployment = migration direction or feeding grounds; Sex = determined genetically where a biopsy sample was collection; Maturity = an estimate of maturity relative to body size and behaviour; Initial activity = whale behaviour at tagging; Number of locations = the number of Argos locations transmitted; Tag programming = duty cycle applied to tag on and off time as a strategy to extend battery life; Retained for SSM = whether the state space model was applied to the Argos locations generated to account for Argos location error; SSM derived track distance estimate = the length of the satellite track from the state space modelled location estimates in kilometres; Movement captured = the types of movement and behaviour detailed in each satellite track.

2008至2010年，研究团队在东澳大利亚座头鲸（繁殖种群E1）的向南洄游、向北洄游及觅食地期间，为48头个体部署了卫星标记标签，旨在明确并解析其洄游路径、觅食场及潜在的产仔场。彼时学界对该种群的洄移行为尚缺乏充分认知，产仔场的位置也未得到精准界定。据我们所知，本数据集涵盖了截至目前针对繁殖种群E1开展的全部长期卫星标记部署工作。

卫星标记的部署地点如下：
1. 澳大利亚新南威尔士州南部的伊登（Eden）：2008年10月，于座头鲸向南洄游期间，在伊登近海完成标记部署。
2. 澳大利亚新南威尔士州北部的埃文斯角（Evans Head）：2009年6-7月，于座头鲸向北洄游期间，在埃文斯角近海完成标记部署。
3. 南极东部：2010年2月，于国际捕鲸委员会（IWC）第五管理区内的座头鲸觅食场完成标记部署。
4. 澳大利亚昆士兰州（QLD）的阳光海岸（Sunshine Coast）：2010年10月，于座头鲸向南洄游期间，在阳光海岸近海完成标记部署。

本数据集包含以下文件：
### 东澳大利亚（繁殖种群E1）座头鲸标记所得Argos定位数据
本文件收录了所有部署于座头鲸的卫星标记所生成的Argos定位数据。标记部署详情可另行查阅（数据集标题：《繁殖种群E1座头鲸卫星标记部署汇总》）。定位数据由Argos系统通过最小二乘法分析计算得到。各字段说明如下：
- Argos PTT：卫星标记的唯一识别编号
- GMT：每条Argos定位记录的日期与时间（格式为dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm），采用UTC时区
- Argos定位等级：从Argos系统获取的定位等级及诊断数据，该等级基于定位类型（Argos多普勒频移法）及卫星过境期间接收的消息数量划分。定位精度从高到低依次为3、2、1、0、A、B、Z（定义源自《Argos用户手册V1.6.6》，2016年版）
- 经度：Argos定位估算的经度值，单位为十进制度，采用WGS84坐标系
- 纬度：Argos定位估算的纬度值，单位为十进制度，采用WGS84坐标系

### 基于速度-距离-角度滤波的东澳大利亚（繁殖种群E1）座头鲸标记所得Argos定位数据
本文件收录了所有部署于座头鲸的卫星标记所生成的Argos定位数据，标记部署详情可另行查阅（数据集标题：《繁殖种群E1座头鲸卫星标记部署汇总》）。定位数据由Argos系统通过最小二乘法分析计算得到。此外，本文件新增一列用于记录sdafilter算法的应用结果：该算法基于游泳速度、连续定位间的距离及转向角，用于剔除不合理的位置估算结果（速度阈值设为10 m/s，尖峰角度阈值为15°和25°，尖峰长度阈值为2500 m和5000 m；Freitas等，2008）。
参考文献：Freitas C, Lydersen C, Fedak M, Kovacs K (2008) 《A simple new algorithm for filtering marine mammal Argos locations》. 海洋哺乳动物科学, 24(2): 315‑325.
各字段说明如下：
- Argos PTT：卫星标记的唯一识别编号
- GMT：每条Argos定位记录的日期与时间（格式为dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm），采用UTC时区
- Argos定位等级：从Argos系统获取的定位等级及诊断数据，该等级基于定位类型（Argos多普勒频移法）及卫星过境期间接收的消息数量划分。定位精度从高到低依次为3、2、1、0、A、B、Z（定义源自《Argos用户手册V1.6.6》，2016年版）
- 经度：Argos定位估算的经度值，单位为十进制度，采用WGS84坐标系
- 纬度：Argos定位估算的纬度值，单位为十进制度，采用WGS84坐标系
- Argos滤波结果：sdafilter算法的执行结果，包括"removed"（已被滤波剔除的定位）、"not"（未被滤波剔除的定位）及"end_location"（轨迹末端无法应用算法的定位）

### 卫星标记东澳大利亚（繁殖种群E1）座头鲸的状态空间模型定位估算数据
本数据集基于原始Argos追踪数据集（数据集名称：《东澳大利亚（繁殖种群E1）座头鲸标记所得Argos定位数据》），通过拟合关联随机游走状态空间模型，校正Argos定位的空间误差，为每一个观测定位时刻生成校正后的位置估算结果。本状态空间模型中同时应用了sdafilter算法以剔除不合理的位置估算结果（速度阈值设为10 m/s，尖峰角度阈值为15°和25°，尖峰长度阈值为2500 m和5000 m）。
参考文献：Jonsen ID, Grecian WJ, Phillips L, Carroll G, McMahon C, Harcourt RG, Hindell MA, Patterson TA (2023) 《aniMotum, an R package for animal movement data: Rapid quality control, behavioural estimation and simulation》. 方法学在生态学与进化中的应用, 14(3): 806‑816.
本数据集收录了标记座头鲸的状态空间模型定位估算结果，相关标记部署详情可另行查阅（数据集标题：《繁殖种群E1座头鲸卫星标记部署汇总》）。各字段说明如下：
- Argos PTT：卫星标记的唯一识别编号
- GMT：每条状态空间模型定位估算记录的日期与时间（格式为dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm），采用UTC时区
- 经度：状态空间模型定位估算的经度值，单位为十进制度，采用WGS84坐标系
- 纬度：状态空间模型定位估算的纬度值，单位为十进制度，采用WGS84坐标系

### 繁殖种群E1座头鲸卫星标记部署汇总
本文件汇总了繁殖种群E1座头鲸的卫星标记部署信息，各字段说明如下：
- Argos PTT：卫星标记的唯一识别编号
- 部署年份：卫星标记的部署年份
- 部署日期：卫星标记的具体部署日期
- 结束日期：最后一次传输定位数据的日期
- 追踪时长：从标记部署日期至最后一条定位数据记录日期的总时长
- 部署地点：卫星标记部署的大致地理区域
- 部署纬度：卫星标记部署的纬度值
- 部署经度：卫星标记部署的经度值
- 部署时的年度周期阶段：座头鲸当时的洄移方向或所处的觅食场阶段
- 性别：通过采集的皮肤活检样本进行基因检测确定的个体性别
- 成熟度：基于体型与行为估算的个体成熟状态
- 初始行为：标记时座头鲸的行为状态
- 定位数量：传输的Argos定位数据总条数
- 标记编程模式：为延长电池续航而设置的标记开机/关机占空比策略
- 用于状态空间模型：是否将状态空间模型应用于生成的Argos定位数据以校正定位误差
- 状态空间模型导出的轨迹距离估算值：基于状态空间模型定位估算结果计算的卫星追踪轨迹总长度，单位为千米
- 捕获的运动类型：每条卫星追踪轨迹所记录的运动类型与行为模式